- •Introduction передмова
- •Chapter I aids to navigation unit 1. Navigational instruments
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Charts and drafting instruments
- •Compasses
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Read the following text, fill in the blanks with necessary letters, and then translate it:
- •Decide which form of the verb is correct and choose the necessary form of the verb, read and translate the text:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 2 a brief guide to marine navigational charts
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Compass rose ['kAmpqs ˏrqVz] – зображення картушкі компаса на карті, компасна троянда
- •To take bearing ['be(q)rIn] – брати пеленг
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •How is a chart made?
- •Types of charts and some terminology
- •Map projection and bearings
- •Chart correction
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Additional information. Read and translate the symbols and abbreviations used in Admiralty Charts.
- •Unit 3 description of lighthouses and lights
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations. Memorize the following charted abbreviation:
- •Equal ['I:kwql] – рівний
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Lighthouses
- •Study the table: Navigational Light Characteristics
- •Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •Decipher the following abbreviations of lights, using the example.
- •Which word is the odd one out? Check the meaning of new words in your vocabulary?
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 4 maritime buoyage system (part I)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •Give antonyms to:
- •Give synonyms to:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 5 maritime buoyage system (part II)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text: Lateral marks
- •Cardinal marks
- •Isolated Danger marks
- •Safe Water marks
- •Special marks
- •Study the picture.
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Choose the option that does not belong to the group:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •3. To determine [dI'tE:mIn] – визначати, встановлювати
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Responsibility
- •Some definitions regarding colregs
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following word combinations:
- •Match the words and their definitions as given in the third rule of the colregs:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 7 lights, shapes and sound signals (part I)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •General applications and definitions
- •Arc of visibility of basic navigation lights
- •Other examples of shapes and their disposition
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Find in the exercise above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 8 lights, shapes and sound signals (part II)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Fishing vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling
- •Fishing vessel engaged in trawling
- •Pilot vessels on duty
- •Anchored or grounded vessels over 50 m
- •Anchored or grounded vessels over 100 m
- •Warning signals from a vessel at anchor
- •Warning signals for vessels in sight of each other
- •Warning signals when in sight in a narrow channel or fairway
- •Signals to attract attention
- •Guess what vessel should exhibit such signals:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 9 conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •How do you know if there is risk of collision?
- •Risk of collision
- •Action to avoid collision
- •Narrow channels
- •Traffic separation schemes (tss)
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Grammar. Rearrange the words below to make a correct sentence:
- •Grammar. Choose the correct word:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 10 conduct of vessels in sight of one another and in restricted visibility
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Overtaking
- •Head-on situation
- •Crossing situation
- •Action by “give-way” vessel
- •Action by “stand-on” vessel
- •Responsibilities between vessels
- •Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Read about the responsibilities between vessels (Rule 18). Circle points which are different from the Rule 18:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Fill in the gaps using prepositions given below:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Show your competence on the following points:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Verification and display of planned route
- •Deviation from planned route
- •Principles applying to watchkeeping generally
- •Watch arrangements
- •Are the following true or false? Correct the false sentences.
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •In the text find synonyms to these words and expressions:
- •Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the words from the text:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Rearrange the words given below into meaningful sentences:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 12 taking over and handing over the watch
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Performing a navigational watch
- •Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false statements.
- •Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences:
- •Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with some of the words and expressions from the exercise above.
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 13 watchkeeping
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the following text: General duties
- •Duties of the officer of the watch (oow)
- •Calling the Master
- •Duties of the lookout
- •Duties of the helmsman
- •Study the following table:
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Fill in the gaps choosing the necessary words:
- •Fill in the gaps using the following words: ship’s deck log, prepare himself, is ready to relieve the watch.
- •Fill in the gaps choosing the right form of the verb:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Used and recommended literature література:
- •Contents
- •Introduction 3
Lighthouses
A lighthouse is a structure exhibiting a light (a major light). This light serves as an aid to navigation. Lighthouses are always conspicuous.
They are built on land and at sea. In most cases lighthouses are erected on solid foundations.
Lighthouses vary in shape. They can be circular, pyramidal, quadrangular, square, cylindrical, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal and octagonal. They are built of stone, brick, concrete, iron, steel, wood, etc.
Lighthouses are painted white, yellow, red, etc. Sometimes they are painted in horizontal and vertical stripes of different colours (a band is a horizontal line; a stripe is a vertical line). The lights may be fixed, flashing, occulting, alternating, group-flashing.
When leading lights are exhibited, the front light is always lower than the rear light.
Lightship, a distinctively marked vessel anchored or moored at a charted point, to serve as an aid to navigation.
Study the table: Navigational Light Characteristics
Light pattern |
Chart abbrev. |
Description |
|
F. |
Continuous fixed light. |
______ ______ ______ ______ |
Fl. |
Flashing. Light shorter than dark. |
___ ___ ___ ___ |
Occ. |
Occulting. Dark shorter than light. |
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ |
Iso. |
Isophase. Equal amounts of light and dark. |
___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ |
Gp.Fl.(3) |
Group flashing. In this case, groups of three. |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
Gp.Occ.(2) |
Group occulting. In this case, groups of two. |
___ _ __ _____ _ __ _____ _ __ |
Gp.Fl.(2+1) |
Composite group flashing. |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
Qk.Fl. |
Quick flashing 50 or 60 per minute. |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
V.Qk.Fl. |
Very quick flashing 100 or 120 per minute. |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ |
Int.Qk.Fl. |
Interrupted quick flashing. |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
Int.V.Qk.Fl. |
Interrupted very quick flashing 100 or 120 per minute. |
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ |
Alt. |
Alternating. Changing colour. In this case white and red. |
Notes.
Example. A light marked on a chart as 'Gp.Fl.(3)20s 15m 25M' would indicate, a light flashing in groups of three every twenty seconds at a height of fifteen metres above MHWS that could be seen at a distance of twenty five nautical miles in good visibility. |
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