- •Introduction передмова
- •Chapter I aids to navigation unit 1. Navigational instruments
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Charts and drafting instruments
- •Compasses
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Read the following text, fill in the blanks with necessary letters, and then translate it:
- •Decide which form of the verb is correct and choose the necessary form of the verb, read and translate the text:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 2 a brief guide to marine navigational charts
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Compass rose ['kAmpqs ˏrqVz] – зображення картушкі компаса на карті, компасна троянда
- •To take bearing ['be(q)rIn] – брати пеленг
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •How is a chart made?
- •Types of charts and some terminology
- •Map projection and bearings
- •Chart correction
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Additional information. Read and translate the symbols and abbreviations used in Admiralty Charts.
- •Unit 3 description of lighthouses and lights
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations. Memorize the following charted abbreviation:
- •Equal ['I:kwql] – рівний
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Lighthouses
- •Study the table: Navigational Light Characteristics
- •Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •Decipher the following abbreviations of lights, using the example.
- •Which word is the odd one out? Check the meaning of new words in your vocabulary?
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 4 maritime buoyage system (part I)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •Give antonyms to:
- •Give synonyms to:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 5 maritime buoyage system (part II)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text: Lateral marks
- •Cardinal marks
- •Isolated Danger marks
- •Safe Water marks
- •Special marks
- •Study the picture.
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Choose the option that does not belong to the group:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •3. To determine [dI'tE:mIn] – визначати, встановлювати
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Responsibility
- •Some definitions regarding colregs
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following word combinations:
- •Match the words and their definitions as given in the third rule of the colregs:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 7 lights, shapes and sound signals (part I)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •General applications and definitions
- •Arc of visibility of basic navigation lights
- •Other examples of shapes and their disposition
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Find in the exercise above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 8 lights, shapes and sound signals (part II)
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Fishing vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling
- •Fishing vessel engaged in trawling
- •Pilot vessels on duty
- •Anchored or grounded vessels over 50 m
- •Anchored or grounded vessels over 100 m
- •Warning signals from a vessel at anchor
- •Warning signals for vessels in sight of each other
- •Warning signals when in sight in a narrow channel or fairway
- •Signals to attract attention
- •Guess what vessel should exhibit such signals:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 9 conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •How do you know if there is risk of collision?
- •Risk of collision
- •Action to avoid collision
- •Narrow channels
- •Traffic separation schemes (tss)
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Grammar. Rearrange the words below to make a correct sentence:
- •Grammar. Choose the correct word:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 10 conduct of vessels in sight of one another and in restricted visibility
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Overtaking
- •Head-on situation
- •Crossing situation
- •Action by “give-way” vessel
- •Action by “stand-on” vessel
- •Responsibilities between vessels
- •Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Read about the responsibilities between vessels (Rule 18). Circle points which are different from the Rule 18:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Fill in the gaps using prepositions given below:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Show your competence on the following points:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Verification and display of planned route
- •Deviation from planned route
- •Principles applying to watchkeeping generally
- •Watch arrangements
- •Are the following true or false? Correct the false sentences.
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •In the text find synonyms to these words and expressions:
- •Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the words from the text:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Rearrange the words given below into meaningful sentences:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 12 taking over and handing over the watch
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Show your competence on the following positions:
- •Read and translate the following text:
- •Performing a navigational watch
- •Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false statements.
- •Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences:
- •Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with some of the words and expressions from the exercise above.
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Unit 13 watchkeeping
- •Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the following text: General duties
- •Duties of the officer of the watch (oow)
- •Calling the Master
- •Duties of the lookout
- •Duties of the helmsman
- •Study the following table:
- •Make-up word combinations and translate them:
- •Fill in the gaps choosing the necessary words:
- •Fill in the gaps using the following words: ship’s deck log, prepare himself, is ready to relieve the watch.
- •Fill in the gaps choosing the right form of the verb:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •Used and recommended literature література:
- •Contents
- •Introduction 3
Unit 3 description of lighthouses and lights
Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations. Memorize the following charted abbreviation:
light (Lt) [laIt] – вогонь
lighthouse (Lt Ho) – маяк
lightvessel (Lt V) – плавучий маяк
fixed light (F) [fIkst laIt] – постійний вогонь
isophase light (Iso) – ізофазний вогонь
flashing light (Fl) ['flxSIN laIt] – проблисковий вогонь
occulting light (Oc) [q'kAltIN laIt] – вогонь, який затьмарюється
interrupted light (I) [ˏIntq'rAptId laIt] – переривчастий вогонь
alternating light (Al) ['O:ltqneItIN laIt] – змінний вогонь
directional light (Dir Lt) [d(a)I'rekSqnl laIt] – спрямований (ведучий) вогонь
leading light (Ldg) ['li:dIN laIt] – створний вогонь
front light – передній вогонь
rear light [rIq laIt] – задній вогонь
occasional light (occas) [q'keIZ(q)nql laIt] – вогонь у разі потреби (випадковий)
unwatched (unmanned) (U) light [ˏAn'wPC laIt] – вогонь, який не обслуговується (автоматичний)
sequence ['si:kwqns] – послідовність
frequency ['fri:kwqnsI] – частота
light pattern – світловий режим
elevation [ˏelI'veIS(q)n] – висота (над рівнем моря)
visibility [ˏvIzq'bIlItI] – видимість
range [reInG] – дальність дії, діапазон
Equal ['I:kwql] – рівний
duration [djV(q) 'reIS(q)n] – тривалість, період часу
to exhibit [Ig'zIbIt] – показувати, виставляти
eclipse [I'klIps] – затемнення
conspicuous [kqn'spIkjVqs] – видимий, помітний
pole [pqVl], post [pqVst], staff [stQ:f] – стовп, віха, опора
to erect [I'rekt] – споруджувати, встановлювати
band [bxnd] – смуга, полоса горизонтальна
stripe [straIp] – смуга, полоса вертикальна
flash [flxS] – спалах
rate [reIt] – швидкість, вартість
appearance [q'pI(q)rqns] – зовнішній вигляд
Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:
description – _______________________
to display – ________________________
to ensure – _________________________
to repeat – _________________________
to indicate – ________________________
to represent – _______________________
to determine – ______________________
application – _______________________
dark – _____________________________
concrete – _________________________
beacon – __________________________
mast – ____________________________
shape – ____________________________
solid – ____________________________
brick – ____________________________
circular – __________________________
quadrangular – ______________________
square – ___________________________
triangular – ________________________
rectangular – _______________________
hexagonal – ________________________
octagonal – ________________________
Read and translate the following text:
A light characteristic is a graphic and text description of a navigational light sequence or colour displayed on a nautical chart or in the Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals with the chart symbol for a lighthouse, lightvessel, buoy or sea mark with a light on it. Lights are used to ensure safe navigation. Different lights use different colours, frequencies and light patterns, so mariners can find out which light they are seeing. There are several types of lights. The main of them are the following:
The fixed light is a light that shines continuously. Its abbreviation is F. All lights are indicated by abbreviation on nautical charts.
The isophase light has a light interval and a dark interval of equal durations. Its abbreviation is “Iso”.
The flashing light is a rhythmic light with a short light interval and a long dark interval and in which the flashes of light are all of equal duration. It is most commonly used for a single-flashing light which exhibits only single flashes which are repeated at regular intervals, in which case it is abbreviated simply as “Fl”. It can also be used with a group of flashes which are regularly repeated, in which case the abbreviation is “Fl.(2)” or “GrFl.(2)”, for a group of two flashes. Another possibility is a composite group, in which successive groups in the period have different numbers of flashes, e.g. “Fl.(2+1)” indicates a group of two flashes, followed by one flash.
A specific case sometimes used is when the flashes are longer than two seconds. Such a light is denoted “long flashing” with abbreviation “LFl”.
A quick light, abbreviated “Q”, is a special case of a flashing light with a large frequency (repetition rate of 50 to 79 – usually either 50 or 60 – flashes per minute). If the sequence of flashes is interrupted by regularly repeated eclipses of constant and long duration, the light is denoted “interrupted quick”, abbreviated “I.Q.” Another distinction sometimes made is between very quick “VQ” (repetition rate of 80 to 159 – usually either 100 or 120 – flashes per minute) and ultra quick “UQ” (repetition rate of 160 or more – usually 240 to 300 – flashes per minute).
The occulting light is a rhythmic light with a long light interval and a short dark interval and in which the intervals of darkness (occultations) are all of equal duration. Its abbreviation is Oc/Occ. In other words: it is an interrupted light. Like a flashing light, it can be used for a single occulting light that exhibits only single occultations which are repeated at regular intervals, a group (Oc(3)) or a composite group (Oc(2+1)).
All lights are mostly of white (W), red (R), blue (Bl/Bu/b), green (Gr), violet (Vi) and yellow (Y) colour. In case a light changes its colour it is called alternating.
The alternating light, abbreviate “Al”, is a light which shows alternating colours. For example, “Al WGR” shows white, green and red lights alternatively.
The Morse code light is a light in which appearances of light of two clearly different durations are grouped to represent a character or characters in the Morse Code.
The applications of the types of light are determined by the fact whether a light is conspicuous or not. The most conspicuous light by far is the flashing light. Therefore it is always used to indicate danger. The least conspicuous light is the fixed light. Therefore it should merely be used to illuminate an object or an area.
Lights are exhibited from different conspicuous structures, such as towers, poles, posts, buoys, beacons, staffs, masts and lighthouses.