Relief and hydro resources

Relief of the region was formed under influence of geological structure of the region and activity of glacier. (1 – …). The north and the south coasts of the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk and Kandalaksha coasts) are in the same directions. The central and the western part of the region are presented by mountain relief: Khibiny, Lovozero, Salny, Volchy, Chuna and Monche tundra with the altitude of 900–1200 metres above the sea level. (2 – …). The eastern part is hilly waterlogged plain. There are some differences in the relief of the Barents Sea and the White Sea. Along the northern coast stretches high plain, breaking to the sea with rocky benches of 100–150 metres. This high plain is splited with narrow and cross fjords. The coast of the White Sea is presented by low plain. (3 – …). There is the highest point of the region in Khibiny; it is mountain of Udichvumchorr (1208 m).

More then hundred thousand lakes fulfill hollows of different dimensions in the relief of crystal layers, on tundra plato, on hill plains smoothed by glacier. The largest basins are the Imandra lake (816 кm²), the Umbozero (313 кm²), the Lovozero (200 кm²) and artificial ponds (Verkhnetulimskoye (745 кm²), Knyazhgubskoye (606 кm²), Serebryanskoye (231 кm²).

There are more then 20616 streams and rivers in the region. Majority of rivers springs from lakes and swamps. (4 – …). Most of them have rapids and they are quite swift.

River and lake waters are clear and pure, they are characterized with poor mineralization. (5 – …) Hydroelectric power stations function on the Paz, the Tuloma, the Niva, the Kovda, the Voronya, the Teriberka rivers. Each station has pond for the flow adjustment.

Rivers and lakes are rich in fish. (6 – …) Last years as a consequence of water pollution, we can observe reduction of fish resources.

Put the sentences taken from the text into their right places.

A – Rivers and lakes are used for the water supply of towns, villages and enterprises of the region.

B – Their sources are quite high (from 1000 to 300 m above the sea level).

C – Here you can find such kinds of fish as salmon, trout, bulltrout, loach, white fish, umber, pike, perch, burbot, roach, smelt.

D – The feature of relief is the north and west orientation of large orographical elements.

E – The most beautiful waterfall is situated in the mountains.

F – Mountain tundra is plain alps without forests.

G – The main background of the relief is flat hills and valley.

Text 2

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Fishing industry

Fish industry complex of the region is presented by more than 170 fish catching and fishes processing enterprises with labour force of 12 thousand persons. (1 – …) In register of the State administration of the Murmansk marine fish port are registered 250 trade vessels, including 64 vessels for the coastal catching.

The leading organisations of the complex are "Union of fishery organisations", consortium "Murmansk trawl fleet", non-commerce organisation "Union fish industrialists of the North", non-commerce union "Association of coastal fish industrialists and farms of Murman".

For the last years coast fish-processing enterprises of the region fortifies its positions. (2 – …)

One of the largest enterprise of fish processing is PC "Nord West F.K"., which was founded in 1989. At present this industrial complex includes trade fleet, two fish processing enterprises, plant on production of meat products, auto transport network and wholesale and retail trade network. (3 – …) All the products worked out with modern equipment and leading technologies, corresponding to global standards of quality are demanded in Russia and abroad.

PC "Protein" was founded in 1984, it specializes in the production of fish products and produces not only their famous crabsticks, but also black grainy caviar "Agat", fish culinary, mayonnaise "Sever". In the production of fish pastes made from halibut, mackerel, herring, salmon, caviar only selected natural smoked raw materials are used.

Fish growing plant "Arctic-Salmon" is unique one. It is situated deep under water of Verhnetuloma pool and at depth of 64 meters function two large workshops. (4 – …) There is no such kind of enterprises in Russia and in Europe. Seventeen types of products of the plant, made from hybrid of salmon and trout, have constant success.

"Меd-Cap" produces unique product – cod liver oil "Polien" in granules, which has got "Golden" and "Platinum" quality marks. (5 – …) Industries on processing of untraditional objects of catching being developed: sea urchin, kelp, fucus and etc.

Six fish plants deal with trade fish growing. The first stage of international project on artificial trade growing of Atlantic salmon is successfully completed, in Liinahamari village (Pechengskaya guba) 300 tons of Atlantic salmon were grown.

Put the sentences taken from the text into their right places.

A – Plant is completely automated, the technology of growing of 1 million young fish per year is used there, it is based on warm water of system of cooling of generators of HPS.

B – "Med-Cap" is a laureate of competition "100 best goods of Russia".

C – Range of products has more than 200 titles.

D – The main scientific organisations and professional educational institutions of the region are concentrated in Murmansk.

E – The Murmansk Merchant port is one of the largest ports beyond the Polar circle.

F – There are about 50 enterprises in the Murmansk region, industrial potential of which is 133 000 tons of fish raw material per year.

Text 3

Read the text and define if the sentences below are true or false, correct the false sentences using the information from the text.