Variant 1

For questions 1–15, read the text below and decide which word А, В, С or D best fits each space. Mark your answers in the answer boxes provided.

Tourism

Tourism can have 0) ..A... a positive and a negative effect 1)… an area, although in many cases only the positive effect will be obvious. In rural areas, the onset of tourism may have dramatic effects upon the local community, creating new jobs and providing a flow of cash which most 2)… will be happy to take advantage 3)… . However, the disadvantages of tourism can be 4)… dramatic, with towns 5)… their character and becoming overdeveloped and crowded, as well as more 6)… .

On a larger scale, tourism can be very beneficial 7)… developing countries. If tourists spend money it means that the country can improve living 8)… for its citizens, as well as create new jobs. Tourists are 9)… the way other people live, and leave feeling better informed about a different 10)… of life that they otherwise might not have had the chance to see. Perhaps the most popular type of tourism is going 11)… to a warm, sunny place and lying on a beach for two weeks. People taking this kind of holiday 12)… have no interest in the culture of the place they are visiting and, as a(n) 13)…, it becomes almost like a "home from home". Restaurants cook tourists their native food 14)… of local specialities, and tourists mix together rather than with locals. This can 15)… any character the area may have, and the area may lose part of its valuable culture forever.

	A	B	C	D
0.	both	none	either	neither
1.	for	on	about	of
2.	tenants	occupants	lodgers	inhabitants
3.	for	in	of	off
4.	impossibly	equally	hardly	differently
5.	losing	missing	finding	improving
6.	priceless	valuable	cheap	expensive
7.	from	in	at	to
8.	manners	areas	conditions	facts
9.	shown	given	offered	seen
10.	attitude	way	face	hint
11.	far	through	forward	away
12.	hardly	usually	nearly	never
13.	result	effect	reason	affect
14.	in spite	instead	in case	apart
15.	create	hurt	destroy	break

For questions 1–15, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (√) by the number in the answer boxes provided. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the answer boxes provided. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00).

GETTING AWAY

0	Last of summer it was so hot and humid in the London	of
00	that by August I felt I really couldn't bear it	√
1	any far longer. I had been planning to take my
2	holiday in September because of we were very busy at
3	work, but I was so tired out of the heat that I asked
4	for a couple of days off, threw some clothes into
5	a suitcase and took off the train to Cromer, which is on
6	the coast of Norfolk. Many people think about that Cromer
7	is too touristy to be attractive, but I found out it full
8	of beauty and charm. It's true there were a lots of
9	people there, but the beach is so big that by
10	walking for ten minutes you can escape all the
11	crowds. There are also some too lovely walks along the
12	tops of the cliffs, with magnificent views along
13	the coast, and the countryside inland it is very
14	lush and green. Best of the all, it's much cooler there
15	than in London – so for a pleasant break, try Cromer.