Департамент образования администрации г. Перми

МБОУ «Лицей №1» г. Перми

The impact of cheerleading teams in the development of sport in Perm

Written by:

Mamaeva V. form 11Ж

Supervisor:

Kiseleva A.V.

Content

Y

Introduction 3

Chapter1. The background of cheerleading as a part of sport 5

§1 The definition of cheerleading and its history 5

§2 The development of cheerleading in the USA. The main types of cheer teams in the USA and their functions 7

§3 The reasons of cheer movement appearance in Russia 12

Chapter2. Cheerleading as a part of sport in Perm. 14

§1 The appearance of cheerleading team in Perm 14

§2 Types of cheerleading teams in Perm and their functions. 15

§3 The Influence of cheerleading on the development of sport in Perm 16

Conclusion 18

Literature 19

Introduction

Nowadays we can see beautiful girls and strong boys in the time-ups between matches. We call them cheerleaders but we haven’t got any information about them. So, this research work is devoted to cheerleading in the World and in Perm.

Everybody at least once has seen this incredible kind of sport. People are usually amazed when they see a huge and difficult pyramid, consisting of 5 or 4 people with a flyer who do different stunts (for example flip, Blanche, scorpion etc.). How many times did girls in colorful costumes with pom-poms in hands attract our attention? Their performance fascinates with its clarity, brightness and organization. Girls-cheerleaders demonstrate big smiles and good mood when they are shouting chants and doing different exercises. Boys-cheerleaders motivate healthy lifestyle when they easily throw girls up to 4-5 meters in height.

It’s a pity but few people know that cheerleading is undoubtedly a hard sport and it takes a long time, even several months, for cheerleaders to learn all the elements.

Also, many people confuse cheerleading with curling and this fact is very disappointing. People in Perm haven’t even heard about cheerleading. They think that it is only American parody of a serious sport. However, it’s not true. By the way, cheerleading takes the 5^th place in the World among the most dangerous ones. Even the bullfighting is inferior to it.

The purpose of my research is cheerleading, its history and elements.

The objective is to discover how cheerleading influences the development of sport in Perm. To fulfill this task the literature on sport and cheerleading was carefully studied. The competitions of cheerleading teams were attended and recorded. The members of different cheerleading teams were interviewed.

Such methods as interview and observation were used in this research paper.

The topic of our research is of current interest because cheerleading is absolutely new kind of sport, particularly in Perm, and many people don’t know anything about it.

Chapter1. The background of cheerleading as a part of sport §1 The definition of cheerleading and its history

First of all let’s consider cheerleading in general. Give the definition and look through its history.

Cheerleading is a competitive sport, based on organized routines, usually ranging from one to three minutes, which contain the components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers and stunting to direct spectators of events to cheer on sports teams at games or to participate in competitions. The athlete involved is called a cheerleader. Athlete is dressed in lively uniform and keeps in hands the colorful pom-poms. [1]

Today Cheerleading can be divided into two main areas:

1. competition teams for programs prepared by the special rules; For this areas there is a special set of laws also known as the Code of cheerleaders which was approved by the International Federation of cheerleading in 1999.

2. work with sports teams, clubs, federations, for the following purposes:

• to engage the audience (fans) in the stadium and in gyms in order to promote sports and healthy lifestyle;

• to create a favorable moral and psychological climate in the stadium, the mitigation of aggressive fans, fans, creating an environment of "positive fanaticism" and manage the emotions of fans;

• to support sports teams involved in the match;

• to activate and vary advertising and brand work at sport events.[1]

The history of cheerleading is closely tied to the history of sports in the United States (i.e. American Football, Basketball and even Rugby), its sporting venues, as well as the historical development of overall crowd participation at many athletic events. In the 1880s, Princeton University’s American Football sporting game atmosphere led to Princeton’s students forming an all-male student “pep club” to lead “cheers” (unified chants and yells) in order to provide support to their team, as well as create a high energy sport environment. Cheers such as “Rah, Rah, Ray! Tiger, Tiger, Sis, Sis, Sis! Boom, Boom, Boom! Aaaaah! Princeton, Princeton, Princeton!” were commonly yelled from the seats of Princeton University’s American Football stadium as a method to motivate their team on to victory. In the very same year, two University of Minnesota rugby players John W. Adams and Win Sargent created a “team yell” (SKI-YOU-MAH) to help to inspire their rugby team. Both rugby players decided to use the word “Ski”- a native America Sioux battle cry meaning victory, and they also added their own word “U-Mah” as a sound representing the University of Minnesota which also rhymes with “rah-rah-rah” to form a team cheer. Their “yell” became popular throughout the University, and would soon be instrumental to a student named Johnny Campbell credited with inventing what is known today as cheerleading.

Based on the success of Johnny Campbell and his fellow students at the University of Minnesota, cheerleading continued to grow and develop alongside with the popularity of sports over the next coming years. As cheerleading continued to grow in participation, new techniques and skills were also added. Since 1923 cheerleading become Women’s sport. In 1923 the University of Minnesota introduced the first women cheerleaders at their sporting games. Today, women comprise of more than 90% of the world’s cheerleaders. In 1998 the International Federation of cheerleading was founded, much later, in addition to members of the European Association entered Japan.

So, cheerleading appeared in the end of 19^th century but real sport with rules and different federation became in the end of 20^th century. Also this sport changed and now it’s sport more for women then for men.