- •Lecture 2.
- •Contents:
- •The two main trends in distinguishing parts of speech:
- ••(1) lexico-grammatical meaning;
- •Notional parts of speech include words which have full lexical meaning, specific stem-building
- •Semi-notional parts of speech include words which have weak lexico-grammatical meaning, no specific
- •Noun is a part of speech which is characterized by the following features
- •As to their meaning:
- •Isomorphic subgroups:
- •Proper nouns
- •Other isomophic groups of nouns:
- •Allomorphism:
- •As to their stem-structure English and Ukrainian nouns are:
- •The category of number:
- •Isomorphic Singularia tantum nouns:
- •Allomorphism:
- •Isomorphic Pluralia tantum nouns:
- •Allomorphism:
- •The category of case of the English noun:
- •The category of case of the Ukrainian noun:
- •The category of gender of the English noun:
- •The category of gender of the Ukrainian noun:
The category of gender of the English noun:
•The category of gender in English is purely semantic (nouns denoting male persons are of masculine gender, female persons – of feminine and the rest of the nouns fall under neuter gender).
•In English there are no special inflexions for gender, just
a small number of feminine lexico-grammatical suffixes like -ess, -ine, -ette (waitress, heroine, farmerette).
Modifying words and finite verbs associated with corresponding nouns remain unchanged (the young actor came/ the young actress came).
The category of gender of the Ukrainian noun:
•Ukrainian gender can be expressed by different language means:
•(1) zero (дуб, день, час) or positive (сосн-а, дерев-о, мор-е) inflexion in the nominative case;
•(2) lexico-grammatical suffixes or suffixes + inflexions (робіт-ник, робіт-ниц-я, поет-ес-а);
•(3) modifying words (молод-ий лікар, молод-а лікар);
•(4) the inflexion of the finite word (лікар прийш-ов, лікар
прийш-ла).