7 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1) What purpose were safety justifications developed for?

2) How are all the Bilibino power units operated at present?

3) When was the license of Gosatomnadzor of Russia re-issued for operation of the Beloyarsk-3?

4) When was a new methodology for the fuel cladding leaktightness monitoring system indications analysis implemented?

5) What kind of Agreement is achieved between the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Russian Federation.

6) When were the licenses of Gosatomnadzor of Russia reissued for operation of the Kursk-1 to 4, Leningrad-1 to 4, and Smolensk-1?

7) When was the BN-600 transfer to the new core planned to start?

8 Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2-3 предложения).

9 Составьте реферат текста (10-15 предложений).

10 Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант 8

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

OPERATION OF RUSSIAN NUCLEAR PWER PLANTS IN 2003

Balakovo NPP with WER-1QOO reactors of the third genera­tion was commissioned in 1985 - 1993. The rated power of Balakovo NPP is 4 ООО MW, generated by four NPP units with WER-1000 type reactors.

Beloyarsk NPP is the only nuclear power plant in Russia with power units of different types. The NPP is constructed into two stages: the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Unit 3 equipped with BN-600 reactor.

The unit equipped with water-graphite channel-type reactor of 100 MW power was commissioned in 1964, the second unit (200 MW) was started up in 1967. Units 1 and 2 were decom­missioned in 1983 and 1990 corre­spondingly. Nowadays the only Unit in operation is Unit 3 of 600 MW power, which was commissioned in 1980. This is the world biggest NPP Unit equipped with a fast breeder reactor.

Erected in Chukotka, in the area of eternal frost in 1974 - 1976, Bilibino NPP generates electric and thermal power. There are four operating water-graphite channel type reactors EGP-6 12 MW power each at the plant.

Now Volgodonsk NPP is the youngest NPP of Russia. It's rated power ca­pacity is 1 ООО MW and is provided by one Unit with VVER-1000 reactor. The construction of NPP first stage has been completed in 2001. The commissioning of the Unit after a long intermission signify the beginning of the new stage of atomic energetics development. They are plan­ning construction of the second Unit with VVER-1 ООО reactor.

The Kalinin NPP rated power is 2 000 MW. It is provided by two power units equipped with VVER-1 ООО type reactors. The plant is constructed in two stages: the first stage is the operat­ing Units 1 and 2. The first two units equipped with VVER-1000 type reac­tors were constructed in 1984 and 1986. Since 1985 the Unit 3 has been constructing as a part of the NPP second stage, now the Unit com­pletion is about 80 %.

Kola NPP is located beyond the Polar circle and gene­rates electricity for Kola Peninsula. The NPP rated power is 1 760 MW. It is provided by four power units equipped with VVER-440 type reactors. The NPP was constructed into two stages in 1973 - 1984, the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Units 3 and 4. The NPP low load factor in 2003 was caused by grid dispatcher restric­tions due to decrease of power con­sumption at Kola Peninsula and isolation of local Dower distribution system.

The Kursk NPP rated power is 4 ООО MW. It is provided by four power units equipped with RBMK-1000 type reactors. The plant was constructed in 1976 - 1985 and consists of three stages: the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Units 3 and 4, the third stage - Unit 5, which is now under construction since 1986. Now there are four Units with RBMK-1000 reac­tors.

Leningrad NPP is the first Russian NPP equipped with RBMK-1000 reactors. The NPP rated power is 4 ООО MW. This power is provided by four power units. The construction of Leningrad NPP started the history of operation of RBMH-type reactors in Russia (water- graphite channel type reactor with ther­mal neutrons). In 1373 - 19B1 at the NPP there were commissioned four Units of 1 ООО MW each.

Novovoronezh NPP is the first Russian nuclear power plant equipped with VVER-type reac­tors; it was the first NPP where the pilot VVER-440 and VVER-10QD units were implemented. In 1964, the first Russian pressur­ized water reactor was constructed at Novovoronezh NPP site, which was the beginning of operation of VVER reactors in Russia. Since 1964, five VVER-type units have been erected at the NPP: VVER-210, VVER-365, two VVER-440 units and one unit equipped with VVER-1 ООО type reactor.

The plant was erected in four stages: the first stage is Unit 1, the second stage - Unit 2, the third stage - Units 3 and 4, the forth stage - Unit 5. Nowadays there are three operating unit of 1 834 MW total power, Units 1 and 2 were decommissioned in 1988 and 1990 correspondingly.

The Smolensk NPP rated power is 3 ООО MW. This power is pro­vided by three power units equipped with RBMK-1 ООО type reactors. The plant construction was started in 1982. By 1990, all the three NPP Units had been commissioned. The plant consists of two stages: the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Unit 3.