3. Причастия в функции обстоятельства

3.1. Формы причастия и их значение для перевода Залог	Active Voice (действие выполняется самим подлежащим)	Passive Voice (действие выполняется над подлежащим)	Действие по отношению к глаголу- сказуемому
Participle 1	Asking doing	Being asked Being done	Одновременное
Participle 2	-	Asked done	Одновременное и предшествующее
Perfect Participle	Having asked Having done	Having been asked Having been done	Предшествующее

3.2. Особенности перевода причастия в функции обстоятельства

Опознавание в предложении	Примеры	Перевод	Способ перевода на русский язык
Стоит в начале предложения (перед подлежащим) или в конце (после дополнения); может употребляться с союзами while, when, ■f, in spite of, although	1. He left the room saying that he was in a hurry	Он вышел из комнаты, говоря (со словами; и сказал), что он спешит	Деепричастие. Сочетание при + сущ (кроме форм Per­fect Participle). Придаточным обстоятель­ственным предложением
	2. Having visited the art exhibition, the students organized a discussion	Посетив выставку (после по­сещения; после того, как они посетили выставку), студенты организовали обсуждение
	3. Being invited he said he would come to our evening party	Будучи приглашенным (когда его пригласили), он сказал, что придет на нашу вечеринку
	4. Having been warmed to 0° С ice began to melt	После того, как лед был на­грет до 0° С, он начал таять (будучи нагретым до...)
	5. This melting ice keeps the same tem­perature while /when smiling	Этот тающий лед сохраняет одну и ту же температуру, ко­гда он тает (при таянии)
	6. When translated this article was sent to the editor	Когда статью перевели (ко­гда статья бьта переведена), ее отправили редактору
	7. If increased,, the prices influence the standard of living	Если цены повысят, они по­влияют на уровень жизни. (Будучи повышенными, цены повлияют на уровень жизни)

Упражнение 64. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на формы причастия и особенности их перевода.

1. Using the energy of the atom we produce electric energy at atomic power plants. 2. Electronic computers perform both arithmetic and logical operations, making it possible to control the process under rather complicat­ed conditions. 3. The syntax and semantics of these languages are very so­phisticated, making the translation to machine language a complex process. This means that a space program must be flexible and diverse, making it possible to explore completely new fields. 4. Strictly speaking, this finding means that this hypothesis cannot be rejected. 5. Being not visible software makes possible the effective operation of computer system. 6. Being ob­tained the results of the research were analyzed. 7. Having obtained the re­quired results we informed the manager of this fact. 8. Having invented magnetic tapes the Germans used them as the secondary storage medium.

9. Having finished the research the scientists made the analysis of the data obtained. 10. Having been constructed recently a new electronic device has important applications in space exploration. 11. Having been regulated by the operator the equipment operated well. 12. Having been coded the in­struction was transmitted to the central processing unit. 13. When entering the Internet, I always find a lot of interesting information. 14. While oper­ating on the basis of analogy analog computers simulate physical systems.

Упражнение 65. Прочтите и переведите следующие контрольные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастий в функции об­стоятельства.

1. While operating with graphical interface people usually use such manipulators as mouse and track ball. 2. Having translated the program into machine language the computer architect put the program into the machine. 3. Digital programming implies the preparation of a problem for a digital computer by putting it in a form which the computer can understand and then entering this program into the computer storage unit. 4. When properly programmed computers do not make computational errors. 5. While having no moving mechanical parts electronic memories can transfer data at very high speed. 6. When used voltage represents other physical quantities in analog computers. 7. The designer left the office having looked through all the documents. 8. Having discussed the functions of storage units we passed on to the consideration of control processing unit. 9. While dealing with discrete quantities digital computers count rather than measure.

9. When using a microcomputer you are constantly making choice - to open a file, to close a file, and so on. 11. Having limited the information capacity of a single bit to two alternatives the computer designers ex­pressed data by a combination of bits. 12. When written in a symbolic lan­guage programs require the translation into the machine language. 13. While dealing with discrete quantities digital computers count rather than measure. 14. When choosing a monitor, you have to take into account a few basics. 15. Having been introduced in the early 1960s magnetic disc storage has replaced magnetic tape storage. 16. Having been transmitted to the central processing unit the instruction made arithmetic-logical unit per­form some computations.