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7.14 Fill in the blanks with proper words given below:

(a) depositors

(c) costs

(e) shareholders

(g) years

(b) risk

(d) instrument

(f) interest

Commercial bank lending II

When a bank decides to make a loan, it must first select an (1) … rate, which is the price for renting the money to the borrower. In computing the interest rate, the banker must consider the cost of the money to his bank. This includes the average interest rate the bank is paying its (2) …, the bank’s operating (3) …, and the normal return that the bank expects. The bank must be able to cover possible loan losses and provide dividends to the bank’s (4) … .

If the loan is a term loan, the risk is greater and must be compensated for in a higher interest rate. For normal commercial loans the maximum term is usually five (5) ….

If the borrower is foreign, the (6) … may be greater, and therefore the bank expects extra interest.

The bank must determine the most appropriate credit (7) … to use. A promissory note is most usual. Generally the bank wants partial payments at least semi-annually, but promissory note can also be payable “on demand”.

Words and expressions

to select (v)

- избирать

in computing

- рассчитывая

average (adj)

- средний

operating costs

- операционные издержки

return (n)

- прибыль, возврат

to expect (v)

- ожидать

to compensate for (v)

- компенсировать, возмещать

appropriate (adj)

- соответствующий

credit instrument

- кредитный инструмент

promissory note

- долговое обязательство

partial (adj)

- частичный, частями

semi-annual

- полугодичный

payable

- подлежащий уплате

on demand

- no требованию

7. 15 Comprehensive questions

  1. What does a bank have to select first when it decides to make a loan?

  2. What is an interest rate?

  3. What does the banker have to consider while computing the interest rate?

  4. What does the cost of the loan include?

  5. How can the risk for a term loan be compensated for?

  6. What is the maximum term for normal commercial loans?

  7. What happens if the borrower is foreign?

  8. What is the most usual credit instrument the bank uses when it executes a loan?

  9. How can the borrower pay the loan back?

Lesson 8

Active vocabulary

8.1 Study the following words and phrases:

assembly line

- конвейер

extensive (adj)

- широкий; основательный

maturity (n)

- здесь: срок платежа, срок действия долгового обязательства

to protect (v)

- защищать

permission (n)

- разрешение

to eliminate (v)

- отменять, исключать

restriction (n)

- ограничение

to issue (v)

- выпускать

debenture (n)

- облигация без обеспечения

face value

- номинальная стоимость

to determine (v)

- определять

predetermined

- заранее определенный

coupon (n)

- купон

regular (adj)

- регулярный

according to

- в соответствии с чем-либо

indenture agreement

- облигационное соглашение (контракт, оговаривающий обязательства эмитента и права держателя облигации)

to specify (v)

- уточнять

to retire (v)

- отзывать, погашать

call provision

- оговорка о праве досрочного выкупа облигаций

to redeem (v)

- выкупать, возвращать

redemption (n)

- выкуп

flexible (adj)

- гибкий

to convert (v)

- переводить, конвертировать

conversion (n)

- конверсия, преобразование

common

- общий

common stock

- обыкновенные акции, акционерный капитал

potential (adj)

- потенциальный