5. Guessing from Context

Use the context surrounding a word to guess its meaning. Example:

Read the story and try to guess what these words mean:

ruler banned allowed slap-up to tuck in meanie

No Go!

Imagine Christmas time with no Christmas! That's just what happened almost 350 years ago, when England's ruler Oliver Cromwell banned Christmas! No one was allowed to give presents or tuck into a giant, slap-up dinner. What a meanie!

6. Demonstrating

Act out, mime or demonstrate words. Example:

The class is going to listen to and sing the song "Dinosaurs dancing" where they have to act out these verbs

Jump / Clap-clap / Tap-tap-tap / Knock your knees / Twist /Tap your stomach ...

As an introduction, the teacher acts out the words and asks the class to act too.

7. Synonyms

Use words students already know to teach them similar words. Example:

Read the text and find the words in the text which mean the following: to speak to himself quietly, to look at smth for a long time.

"... Then he threw back his head and stared at the ceiling and thought. Then he took his chin in his hands and stared at the floor and thought. When he had done all this he began to walk up and down, muttering to himself: "scissors, mizzers, nizzers..."

(The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends, by N.Nosov)

8. Examples

Give examples of words you want to introduce. Example:

If you want to introduce the word vehicles, explain that we can use a vehicle for travelling and there are different kinds of vehicles: sports car, train, yacht, airplane, van, etc. (The class already knows some kinds of vehicles). Ask students for more examples of vehicles.

9. Translations

Translate words into Ukrainian. Example:

Find these words in the text and decide if they are nouns (n), verbs (v), or adjectives (adj.)

Creaks________________ , fractures________________ , demolish____________, erect____________,

reinforcing________________, concrete_____________________, piles_____________________.

Work out their meaning from the context and write a translation. Discuss your translation with another student and change if necessary. Now check your answers in a dictionary.

Some say that when the creaks and fractures appear in the walls of an old building, the only thing to do is to demolish it and erect a new structure. But that is not always the case. ALS is a private Ukrainian company that specializes in reinforcing creaky building foundations with concrete piles.

(Kyiv Post BUSINESS)

10. Dictionaries

Students use dictionaries to check meaning. Example:

Can you find the adverbs that come from these adjectives'? You can use your dictionary.

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Good ___________________

Bad ___________________

Late ___________________

Happy ___________________

Fast ___________________

Hard ___________________