1. Read and learn the words:

1	advance	продвижение вперед; успех, прогресс; улучшение
2	antepartum testum	предродовой тест
J	apnea	апноэ (временное) отсутствие дыхания; остановка дыхания
4	asphyxia	удушье, асфиксия, тяжелое расстройство дыхания и коовообращения из-за отсутствия кислорода

1) at early stages of development. 2) to create necessary conditions, 3) a sterile stomach of the newborn, 4) to contain a plenty of enzymes, hormones, antibodies, 5) to define a state of health, 6) the immune status, 7) eye retina, 8) an irreplaceable substance, 9) unlike cow’s milk, 10) balanced diet.

7. Translate the following sentences:

1. The only natural, physiological food for babies in their first five-six months is maternal milk. 2. Human milk contains more fats an,d lactose and much less proteins and salts than animal milk. 3. The structure of maternal milk changes in process of baby’s growth. 4. The feature of human milk is the structure of its proteins, fats, complex amino acids and compounds. 5. Biologically active connections and such protective factors as enzymes, hormones and antibodies influence growth and formation of the immune status. 6. Besides breast milk provides the infant v/ith a sufficient amount of vitamins (А, В, C) necessary for stimulation of metabolic process. 7. Antibodies help the infant’s immunity resist childhood infections. 8. The mortality rate among brest-fed infants is much lower than among bottle-fed ones.

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7. Read and translate the text. Make the plan of the text using key-words: breastfeeding

Balanced diet of children of the first year of life is one of the major conditions, providing both their adequate growth and development, and resistance to the influence of infections and other negative external factors. Character of feeding in the first year of baby’s life substantially defines a state of health, not only at early age, but also during the subsequent periods of his life.

There is no doubt, that the mother’s milk is the best nutrition for the baby. Its structure is adequate to the feature of the baby’s metabolism, at early stages of development. It contains a plenty of biologically active connections and protective factors (enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc.), influencing growth and formation of the immune status of children.

The structure of mother’s milk changes in process of baby’s growth, in accordance with his needs. Colostrum is produced at first time after childbirth, then mammary glands produce transitional milk and from second-third week maternal milk becomes mature.

Female milk is specific. It contains the substances promoting development of baby’s brain, while cow’s or goat’s milk is direct to increase the weight of the body, mainly. The colostrum is very important. It’s rich in vitamins, enzymes, mineral substances and creates necessary conditions for microbe biocenosis of the intestines (useful biologic bacteria). Just the colostrums in its pure state will help avoid dysbacteriosis. Besides the colostrum is ideally for a sterile stomach of the newborn, as milk, on its own structure, is very close to tissue of the newborn.

There are a lot of fatty acids in mother’s milk, which are necessary for construction and adequate functioning of biologic membranes, formation of the brain and eye retina. Unlike the cow’s milk, there is elevated quantity of cysteine and taurine (amino acids) and less quantity of methionine in the breast milk. Taurine is necessary for bile’s salt connection and it serves as neurotransmitter and neuromodulator of the development of the central nervous system. Children are not capable to synthesize taurine, but this is an irreplaceable substance, and its absence or inadequate quantity cause irreversible damage to development of the brain and immune system, to the eye’s retina and the adrenal glands.

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