8. Read and translate text I. Make the plan of the text using key-words. Text I. Infectious diseases of childhood

Infectious diseases are known to be caused by the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the human body. An infection disease is transmitted from some sources: direct and indirect contact with the patient, through inadequately sterilized instruments and equipment.

According to specific way of invasion contagious diseases may be classified into four groups. Intestinal infections composing the first group are transmitted principally by the intestinal discharges, such as dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera etc. Gastrointestinal diseases are often acquired by ingesting contaminated food and water.

During coughing or talking infection is spread through the respiratory tract. The diseases of this group are diphtheria, smallpox and others. Infectious diseases in which the infecting

lack	нехватка, отсутствие
experience	испытывать, переносить
fainting	обморок
episode	приступ
sweating	потение, потоотделение
delayed	задержанный

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7. Read and translate the text. Make the plan of the text using key-words. Text I. Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cause of cyanotic heart disease. TOF is not one heart defect but a combination of four different heart defects. Tetralogy is a Greek word that means ‘four-fold’, and Fallot is the name of the doctor who first identified the condition. In cases of TOF, there are four defects that affect the heart:

• A hole between the left and right ventricle (Ventricular Septal Defect).

« A narrowing of the pulmonary valve (pulmonary stenosis).

• The muscles of the right ventricle are unusually thick (right ventricular hypertrophy).

• The aortic valve is in the wrong position (displaced aorta).

As a result of this complex set of heart defects, oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-low blood become mixed. This leads to blood with a lower-than-normal oxygen content being pumped around the body.

As the body’s cells and tissue are not receiving enough oxygen, the child will develop symptoms of cyanotic heart disease, such as blue-coloured fingers, toes and lips as a result of a lack of oxygen. They also experience symptoms of breathlessness, fainting, chest pains, fatigue, and episodes of hypoxia. Hypoxia occurs when the body is suddenly starved of oxygen. There are some common symptoms that are present in both cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease. These include poor appetite and feeding difficulties, sweating, particularly when a baby is feeding, and delayed growth. Children with TOF are usually underweight and small for their age.

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16. Read and translate text III. Make up the plan of the text using key words: Text III. Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common cause of acyanotic heart disease. In cases of ASD the hole is between the left and right atria. ASDs occur during fetal development of the heart and are present at birth. During the first weeks after conception, the heart develops. If a problem occurs during this process, a hole in the atrial septum may result.

In some cases, the tendency to develop an ASD may be genetic. There can be genetic syndromes that cause extra or missing pieces of chromosomes that can be associated with ASD. For the vast majority of children with a defect, however, there's no clear cause of the ASD. The size of an ASD and its location in the heart will determine what kinds of symptoms a child experiences. Most children who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Generally, kids with an ASD feel well and grow and gain weight normally. Infants and children

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18. Point out the sentences with Complex Subject and Complex Object. Translate the sentences:

1. This man seems to have a third-degree burn. 2. He is thought to be discharged from the hospital today. 3. She was believed to have high blood pressure. 4. The doctor ordered the nurse to give intramuscular injection of penicillin to this patient. 5.1 know this surgeon to operate on successfully. 6. Our data seem to support the theory. 7. This diet seems to be good for the patient and should be recommended. 8. The results lead us to believe that the technique is useful. 9. She heard the child cough at night. 10. The child was managed conservatively and then discharged when she appeared to have fully recovered. 11. Other reasons why this viral pneumonia proved to be fatal for this patient are not clear. 12. Atypical pneumonia appears to be more severe in patients with sickle cell disease, who often have a prolonged toxic course. 13. The type of onset of lobar pneumonia appears to be influenced by the pneumococci type. 14. Streptococci pneumonia is likely to occur in the course of or following epidemics of measles or “flu”. 15. By the third hospital week the infant’s condition was seen to be rapidly improving.

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