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Vocabulary and Speech Exercises

I. Give English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations.

Підтримувати здоров’я; джерело харчування; озоновий шар; місце для роботи та відпочинку; загроза здоров’ю; природні катастрофи: повені, шторми, пожежі, землетруси, вулкани; захворювання дихальних шляхів; живі та неживі забрудники; контроль і керівництво за промисловими викидами у навколишнє середовище; ядерна війна; природні багатства; страждати від смогу; зникнення рідкісних видів тварин, птахів, риб і рослин; забруднення повітря і світового океану; екологічна безпека; заради сучасних і майбутніх поколінь.

II. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true.

  1. Ozone layer protects us from ultraviolet rays.

  2. Invasive biota includes viruses and bacteria.

  3. Nuclear, biological or chemical warfare and terrorism can’t influence the environment.

  4. Natural recourses are unlimited.

  5. The by-products of the industrial enterprises activity pollute air, water and land.

  6. Our cities don’t suffer from smog.

  7. Environmental protection is a matter of universal concern.

  8. 100 countries, members of the United Nations Organization, have set up environmental protection agencies.

  9. The international research center has been set up in Chornobyl.

  10. The international organization Greenpeace is doing much to preserve the environment.

III. Read the following supplementary text. Discuss it with your fellow students. Chornobyl Disaster

On Saturday, April 26, 1986, at 1:23:58 a.m. local time, the fourth reactor of the Chornobyl power plant known as Chornobyl-4 suffered a catastrophic steam explosion that resulted in a fire, a series of additional explosions, and a nuclear meltdown.

Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia were badly contaminated, resulting in the evacuation and resettlement of more than 300,000 people. About 60 per cent of the radioactive fallout landed in the neighbour republic Belarus.

Many people were affected by the disaster at Chornobyl. The accident caused many deaths. Due to the nature of radiation exposure many of the medical effects may not form until many years after the accident. These medical problems may include cancer, birth defects, and skin diseases. There is an estimate of 6,500 people that may die from cancers caused by the radiation.

The Chornobyl nuclear disaster was one of the worst disasters of all time. Effects of the disaster are continuing to show as time passes and the amount of people still suffering is tremendous. The estimated recovery time for this disaster is up to 130 years. Future generations are sure to learn from this great disaster which occurred at Chornobyl.

There have been at least 1,800 thyroid cancer cases of children who were between 0-14 years old at the time of the disaster. Other health defects include premature births, mentally ill children and children with birth defects. Additionally, many were also psychologically affected, turning to drinking and suicide.

Even now it is difficult to tally accurately tally (підраховувати) the number of deaths caused by the event at Chornobyl, as most of the expected deaths are from cancer, have not yet actually occurred, and are difficult to attribute specifically to the accident.

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