Урок 2.8

Текст А

Activity hazard analysis (AHA)

Before beginning each work activity involving a type of work presenting hazards not experienced in previous project operations or where a new work crew or subcontractor is to perform the work, the contractor(s) performing that work activity shall prepare an activity hazard analysis. AHAs will define the activities being performed and identify the sequences of work, the specific hazards anticipated, site conditions, equipment, materials, and the control measures to be implemented for eliminating or reducing each hazard to an acceptable level of risk. Work will not begin until the AHA for the work activity has been accepted by the Government Designated Authority (GDA). The work activity must be discussed with all engaged in the activity, including the contractor, subcontractor(s), and government on-site representatives at preparatory and initial control phase meetings.

The names of the competent or qualified person(s) required for a particular activity (i.e. excavations, scaffolding, fall protections, other activities) will be identified and included in the AHA. Proof of their competency or qualification must be submitted to the GDA for acceptance prior to the start of that work activity.

Notes:

hazard analysis анализ степени риска (анализ эксплуатационной безопасности).

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What shall the contractor(s) performing the work activity prepare?

2. When and where shall contractor(s) prepare AHA?

3. What will AHAs define and identify?

4. What will be identified and included in the AHA?

Упражнение № 1. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык.

Work activity; experience (v.); project operation; work crew; subcontractor (n.); contractor (n.); prepare (v.); define (v.); identify (v.); sequence of work; specific (adj.); anticipate (v.); site condition, equipment (n.); control measures; implement (v.); eliminate (v.); acceptable (adj.); level (n.); risk (n.); Government Designated Authority; discuss (v.); engage (v.); representative (adj.); preparatory (adj.); initial (adj.); control phase; particular (adj.); excavation (n.); scaffold (n.); fall protection; competency (n.); qualification (n.); submit (v.); acceptance (n.).

Prior to; with; all; that; and.

Упражнение № 2. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Предусматривать, утверждать; представлять; анализ степени риска; выемка грунта, разработка грунта; приемка (установки; работ); строительные леса; предварительный; проектные работы; рабочая команда; субподрядчик; последовательность работы; условия площадки (рабочей); меры по контролю; специально уполномоченный орган; участвовать; вовлекать.

Упражнение № 3. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

А	В	А	В
preparatory	предусматривать	implement	предыдущий
protection	подготовить	prepare	последовательность
qualification	испытывать	anticipate	защита
subcontractor	бригада	particular	рабочая площадка
activity	субподрядчик	initial	деятельность
sequence	определять	eliminate	представитель
scaffold	участвовать	representative	предварительный
discuss	особенный	site	начальный
engage	обсуждать	previous	строительные леса
crew	внедрять	competency	устранять
experience	компетентность	identify	квалификация

Упражнение №4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на герундий в функции подлежащего.

1. The required cooling down must be known to perform a global calculation of the dimensions of a double-pipe heat exchanger with parallel flow.

2. Welding, cold forming, hot forming, and expanding are some of the modern manufacturing methods.

3. Lowering the temperature of the combustion can reduce the forming of thermal NOx.

4. The forming of NOx will also be decreased if the oxygen concentration is limited.

5. Fouling is extremely difficult to describe.

6. Using this technology means that 20-30 % of the flue gases with a temperature from 350 to 400 C is recirculated and mixed with the combustion air.

7. Knowing the heat transferring area gives a relation between the diameter of the pipe and the length of the heat exchanger.

8. Pumping is needed to increase the total amount of energy.

9. Fouling is an absolutely not-wanted phenomenon.

10. Cleaning takes a certain amount of money.

Упражнение №5. Переведите следующие глаголы. Образуйте от них глаголы с помощью приставки –re, означающей повторное действие.

Переведите полученные производные слова.

direct	search	produce
move	examine	design
heat	decorate	construct
circulate	place	arrange
present	use	form

Упражнение №6. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, от каких слов и с помощью каких суффиксов образованы подчеркнутые существительные.

1. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, creep strength, creep rupture strength, ductility, and toughness are required to be considered for boiler construction.

2. There are different environmental problems to which an industrial boiler contributes.

3. With the calculated number of transfer units and the ratio of capacitance an effectiveness of 0.58 is retrieved.

4. In order to reach these requirements a number of measures were taken by the government.

5. The research and development departments of a company consider lots of costs using in heat exchangers.

6. A shell type boiler is a closed, usually cylindrical vessel that contains water.

7. Selection of materials for pressure parts of a boiler and their mechanical design and construction are the important aspects of a boiler design.

Упражнение №7. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите функции неличных форм.

1. Solar systems designed for combined heating and cooling will utilize the collector all year and thus are potentially more cost effective.

2. The designer should try to anticipate any future structures or vegetation (trees) that could block future solar access.

3. The contractor(s) performing the work activity shall prepare an activity hazard analysis.

4. Direct radiation is in the form of parallel rays coming straight from the sun.

5. AHAs will define the activities being performed and identify the sequences of work.

Упражнение №8. Задайте три вопроса к подлежащему, три- к определению подлежащего и три разделительных вопроса к тексту А.

Текст В

Indoctrination and training

The AHA will be reviewed and modified as necessary to address changing site conditions, operations or change of competent/qualified person(s). If more than one competent/qualified person is used on the AHA activity, a list of names shall be submitted as an attachment to the AHA. Those listed shall be competent/ qualified for the type of work involved in the AHA and familiar with current site safety issues. If a new competent/qualified person (not on the original list) is added, the list shall be updated. The new person shall acknowledge in writing that he/she has reviewed the AHA and is familiar with current site safety issues.

The Government Designated Authority (GDA), using the advice of the safety and occupational health office, shall determine the need for an AHA for each activity within their area of responsibility. A qualified person(s) shall conduct all training. Employees shall be provided safety and health indoctrination prior to the start of work and continuing safety and health training to enable them to perform their work in a safe manner. Employee indoctrinations will be documented in writing by date, name and content. Indoctrination and training shall be based on the safety and health program of the contractor or government agency, as applicable, and shall include but not be limited to: a) requirements and responsibilities for accident prevention and maintaining safe and healthful work environments; b) general safety and health policies and procedures and pertinent provisions of this manual.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. In what case shall a list of names be submitted as an attachment to the AHA?

2. In what case shall the list of names be updated?

3. What shall the new person acknowledge in writing?

4. What shall indoctrination and training be based on?

Упражнение №1. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык.

Review (v.); modify (v.); address (v.); site (n.); condition (n.); competent (adj.); activity (n.); list (n.); submit (v.); attachment (n.); involve (v.); familiar (adj.); current (adj.); acknowledge (v.); safety issue; advice (n.); responsibility (n.); conduct (v.); employee (n.); enable (v.); perform (v.); safe (adj.); content (n.); . government agency; applicable (adj.); requirement (n.); responsibility (n.); accident prevention; maintain (v.); healthful (adj.); work environment; policy (n.); pertinent ( adj.); provision (n.); manual (n.).

And; for; each; if; than.

Упражнение №2. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Подтверждать; подготовка; рекомендация, заключение; проводить, вести; служащий, работник по найму; безопасный, безвредный; содержание, оглавление; количество; государственный орган; применимый, пригодный; техника безопасности, предупреждение несчастных случаев; производственная среда, условия труда; руководство, справочник; подходящий, соответствующий.

Упражнение №3. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

A	В	А	В
acknowledge	ответственность	each	применимый
content	требование	prior	здоровый
applicable	выполнять	safe	поддерживать
requirement	техника безопасности	manual	каждый
responsibility	безопасный	perform	содержание
healthful	подтверждать	maintain	руководство
work environments	прежде чем	accident prevention	условия труда

Упражнение №4. Найдите в тексте неличные формы глагола, определите, какими частями речи они являются, какую функцию выполняют в предложении и переведите их на русский язык.

Упражнение №5. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов.

prevent –prevention

attach-attachment

govern-government

require-requirement