14.6 International relations: the nature, form

The economy of different countries, including Kazakhstan, has a tendency to form a single global economy, to integration, internationalization of economic science and to an increase in international relations. In this case, all the national economy should be closely linked multiple forms of these relationships.

Basic forms of international economic relations.

1) International trade in goods and services;

2) International loan;

3) The international migration of capital;

4) An international labor migration;

5) International scientific links;

6) The formation of free economic zones;

7) International monetary relations;

8) Economic integration.

International trade is the exchange of goods and services between the national economies of the different countries, which is based on the international division of labor (MRI).

MRI are the main factors:

1) Social and geographical factors (geographical location of the country, territory, population, population structure, economic experience and traditions).

2) Natural and climatic conditions (varies by climate, to provide arable land, minerals, water).

3) Technical and economic factors are determined by the fact that countries have different scientific and technical potential of the economy, which makes the production of certain goods cheaper and some more expensive.

Benefits of international specialization and trade can be absolute or relative.

International trade flows are divided into exports and imports. The sum for each country of the foreign trade turnover. Quantitative indicators are included in the balance of trade, reflecting the ratio between cash payments and receipts for all commodities transactions.

Most states actively regulate international economic relations, as in foreign trade have historically two forms of public policy:

1. Protectionism - a policy to protect domestic producers from foreign competition.

The essence of politics: curbing the country's highly competitive foreign products and the protection of the export of goods of national production.

Measures of protectionism: tariffs or tariff barriers, import taxes, raise prices, non-tariff barriers, fiscal policy, import quotas that limit the amount of import licensing, various restrictive rules, regulations and practices.

2. Free trade (liberalism) - is no different product policy barriers.

The benefits of free trade:

1) stimulate competition;

2) limits the monopoly;

3) increases the efficiency of production;

4) reduce the price;

5) improve the quality of products;

6) large selection of products for consumers;

7) ensure the efficient allocation of resources of the world economy.

4. Assignments for practical classes and self-study Theme 1. Subject and method of economics (1 hour)

The seminars

The purpose of the lesson:

- find challenges economics as a science

- acquainted with the main directions of research in economic Theory

Topics for discussion:

1. The subject of economic science.

2. The concept of a "methodology" and methods of research in economics.

3. The main directions of the development of economics

Questions and tasks:

1. Questions on ingenuity

A. Determines which goods are natural and which are to economic products:

a) fungi b) coal and ore in mines, c) banana, d) ore at a metallurgical plant, and e) cabbage.

B. Establishes which goods are commodities, and what - the means of production: a) sugar - sand and b) salt c) horses d) trucks, and e) a personal computer.

2. Economic challenge.

Suppose that one country (population 10 million) for the year of commodities created by 100 million standard units.

Determine whether or not the residents of the country to consume food in greater or lesser numbers than were created in the country?

3. Quantitative measurement needs.

To develop production to meet changing needs, it is important to learn in practice to quantify the needs and demands of the people.

Is it possible, in your opinion, need any one person accurately quantify commensurate with the volume of the needs of another person?

4. What is true and what is false:

A) All material needs grow indefinitely;

B) In all countries, expansion needs outstrips the growth of production;

С) Lack of resources due to the immensity of the needs of people;

D) All over the world resources are scarce.

5. The concept of "services" and "intangible benefits"

A. What is the service? Give examples.

B. What proportion in at work now holds services?

С. What is meant by the intangible benefits?

6. What does the proverb?

It has long been in the country have developed folk sayings: "every man to his own taste," "there is no accounting for tastes."

Explain the meaning of these sayings.

7. The influence of monetary income to changes in the structure of solvent needs.

With an increase in money income people buying demand (and therefore, needs) for different products vary in different ways.

As an increase in cash income varies the value of demand: a) high quality durable goods (furniture, cars, televisions, etc.), b) and food products), industrial products, included in the standard set of consumer (clothing, footwear and etc.)? Purchase any types of goods increases relatively quickly?