- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Sillabus
- •1. Data for teachers
- •2. Data on discipline
- •5. Brief description of the discipline
- •6. Content of the discipline 6.1. List of lectures
- •7. Schedule of the tasks and surrender of discipline «Economic theory" for students independent work
- •8. References The laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Letters (Message) of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Regulations rk
- •Basic literature:
- •Additional literature:
- •9. Course policy
- •10. Information on the assessment of knowledge
- •Scheme of assessment of knowledge on the discipline
- •Tentative map Assessment of the students exam
- •2. Glossary
- •3. A short course of lectures
- •1.1 Economic needs, economic benefits and economic resources.
- •1.2 The subject of economic theory
- •1.3 Methods and functions of economic theory
- •Theme 2. Fundamentals of social production
- •2.1 The bases of social production
- •2.2 Structure of social production
- •2.3 Economic Systems. Types of economic systems
- •1. The traditional economic system
- •2. Command and administration economy system
- •3. Market economic system
- •4. Mixed system
- •3.1 Economic and legal content property
- •The system of property relations
- •Fig. 1. The structure of ownership
- •4.1 The forms of social economy. Commodity economy
- •4.2 The nature and function of the market
- •Invariant category that has general economic features inherent to any commodity production.
- •4.3 Origin, nature and function of money
- •4.4 The essence of entrepreneurship and its feature
- •5.1 Demand. Factors determining the demand. The law of supply
- •5.2 Supply. Factors determining the sentence. The law of Supply
- •5.3 Interaction of supply and demand market equilibrium
- •5.3 Elasticity and its types
- •Elastic demand
- •5.4 The theory of consumer behavior
- •6.1 The essence of competition. The theory of perfect and imperfect competition
- •1. On the market at the same time there are many firms, each of which occupies a small share of the market
- •2. Homogeneity of products
- •3. Freedom of entry and exit from the industry
- •4. There fairness information
- •6.2 Theory of monopoly
- •Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
- •6.3 Antitrust and competition policy
- •7.1 The reproduction process of capital
- •7.2 Basic and working capital
- •Scheme 1. Factors of self-financing
- •Incease in profits
- •7.3 Investment as a source of financing of productive assets
- •Theme 8. Costs and revenues of the enterprise (company)
- •8.1 Nature and types of costs
- •8.2 Revenue and its types
- •8.3 Profit and its role in the development of the company
- •9.1 Peculiarities the demand for resources
- •9.2 Labor market and wage
- •9.3 Capital markets and interest rates
- •Fig. 16. Demand for capital Fig. 17. Supply of capital
- •9.4 The land market. Land rent
- •10.1 The national economy as a system
- •10.2 System of National Accounts
- •10.3 The macroeconomic indicators and methods of calculation
- •Methods of measuring gnp
- •The calculation of gnp expenditure
- •Calculating gnp by revenue
- •The calculation of gnp "value added"
- •Theme 11. Macroeconomic equilibrium
- •11.1 Macroeconomic equilibrium and its characteristics
- •11.2 Model employment resources
- •12.1 Cyclical nature of the market economy
- •12.2 The Economic cycle and its variants
- •12.3 The concept of economic growth the measurement
- •Types and factors of economic growth
- •Theme 13. Unemployment and inflation are both manifestations of economic instability
- •13.1 Essence and basic forms of unemployment
- •13.2 The effect of unemployment rate on the value of gnp. Okun's Law
- •13.3 Inflation and its causes
- •14.1 Concept and types of monetary systems
- •14.2 The demand for money and money supply
- •14.3 The structure of the financial system
- •14.4 State budget and public debt
- •14.5 Principles and forms of taxation
- •14.6 International relations: the nature, form
- •4. Assignments for practical classes and self-study Theme 1. Subject and method of economics (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 2. Fundamentals of social production (1 hour)
- •1. As played wealth?
- •2. The goods are different from the natural product?
- •3. Economic Geography
- •4. Find the right answer
- •5. Graphic problem.
- •6. The concept of "services" and "intangible benefits"
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 3. Property relations and their role in the economy (1 hour)
- •1. Questions about the nature of the property
- •7. What is true and false?
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 4. Foundations of a market economy and business activities (1 hour)
- •1. Gogol about the farm landowners Plyushkin
- •6. Adventures scientist w. Cameron
- •7. Find the right answer
- •8. Function of money
- •9. The design task
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 5. Fundamentals of the theory of supply and demand (2 hours)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 6. Competition and Monopoly (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 7. Circuit and the circulation of capital (funds) of enterprise (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 8. Expenses and income of the company (the company) (1 hour)
- •8. All the profit goes to a businessman?
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 9. Factor markets and formation of factor income (1 hour)
- •Theme 10. The national economy as a system (1 hour)
- •2. The table presents the nominal and real gdp over the period 1999 to 2003
- •3. By the terms of the left hand column find the definition in the right column.
- •4. True-false:
- •5. Does Kazakhstan's gdp this article? If not, why not? If so, then the calculation of expenditure and revenue and in what specific section?
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 11. Macroeconomic equilibrium (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •1. Right - wrong:
- •2. Activation of the human factor
- •4. Types of intensification of production.
- •Theme 13. Unemployment and inflation as a manifestation of economic instability (1 hour)
- •2. Economic challenge.
- •Independent work of the student
- •Theme 14. The main directions of economic policy (1 hour)
- •Independent work of the student
- •5. Questions for the interim control for the subject "Economic Theory"
- •5. 1 Questions for the 1-st interim control
- •5.2 Questions for the 2nd interim control
- •6. Tests to consolidate students' knowledge
- •References
Theme 13. Unemployment and inflation are both manifestations of economic instability
13.1 Essence and basic forms of unemployment
Unemployment - a condition in which the willing cannot find work at the regular rate of wages.
Unemployment rate - the percentage of the unemployed to the labor force, which does not include: students, pensioners, prisoners, and boys and girls up to 16 years.
The overall unemployment rate - the percentage of the unemployed to the total labor force, including those engaged in active military service.
The following types of unemployment.
Frictional unemployment - unemployment associated with short period required to search for a new job in connection with education, output from maternity leave, relocation. If a person is given the freedom of choice of occupation and place of work, at any given time, some workers are in a position "between jobs." Some voluntarily change jobs. Others are looking for a new job because of layoffs. Others temporarily lose seasonal work (for example, in the construction industry due to bad weather or in the automotive industry due to changes in patterns). And there is a category of workers, especially young people, who are looking for work for the first time.
Structural unemployment - unemployment associated with the period of job search those employees whose specialty or qualification does not allow them to find the right job. Structural unemployment occurs when you move production from one region to another, the decline of old industries and the emergence of new ones. Because of these changes in the demand for certain types of jobs is reduced or stopped altogether.
The most recent form of a reduction of employment is technological unemployment associated with the introduction of poorly populated and deserted technologies based on electronics.
Cyclic unemployment - unemployment is associated with the inability to find a job in any field due to the overall low aggregate demand for labor. While reducing the total cost of production and increasing unemployment almost everywhere. Cyclical unemployment is determined by the difference between the unemployment rate at the moment and the natural rate of unemployment.
Hidden unemployment covered by the main part of rural residents, and also ruins the small producers and traders. Such provisions are found working as an increased need for workers to quickly replenish by this segment of society. These populations are especially numerous in the developing world.
Employment rate - the percentage of the adult population employed that are not on welfare, in shelters, nursing homes, etc.
Full employment does not mean complete absence of unemployment. Economists consider frictional and structural unemployment is quite inevitable: hence the "full employment" is defined as the employment of less than 100% of the labor force.
Full time vacancy rate is maintained at 5.5 -6.5% of the total labor force. This figure may vary from country to country.
The unemployment rate at full employment is also called the natural rate of unemployment. The concept of the natural unemployment rate was introduced in economics M. Friedman in 1968 and developed independently by other American scientists - E. Phelps.
Natural rate of unemployment - - a set of frictional and structural unemployment and the unemployment rate is associated with a stable economy, when the real national product is at the natural rate and the expected inflation rate is equal to the actual level of inflation.
From the perspective of neoclassical theory possible to eliminate unemployment actually denied. Moreover, part-time employments by many economists have recognized the need to ensure the flexibility of the economy.
The unemployment rate is characterized by a norm, which is calculated as the ratio of the total number of unemployed to the labor force as a percentage.
Unemployment rate = Number of unemployed х 100 Workforce
Unemployment has economic and social consequences: 1. GNP is lagging compared to the amount that society would have at their potential. 2. Is an uneven distribution of the costs of unemployment among different social groups. 3. Lost skilled workers.