- •Warming-up
- •4.1.3 Read the following verbs.Mind their meaning.Pay attention to the principal forms
- •4.1.4 Find the proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English words
- •4.1.5 Choose the proper English word
- •4.1.6 Find the English equivalents of the following Russian words
- •4.1.7 Read the following word-combinations and translate them into Russian
- •4.2 Read the text and give definitions of different structural elements Text 4 a Structural Elements
- •4.3.2 Complete the following sentences
- •4.3.3 Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text
- •4.3.4 Choose the sentences describing: a) beams; b) shells
- •4.3.5 Translate the passage describing various types of beams in written form
- •4.3.6 Ask your partner the following questions. Listen to his/her answers
- •4.3 Exercises to the text
- •4.3.1 Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct them
- •4.4 Read the text Text 4 b Leaning Tower of Pisa Begins To Be Stabilized
- •Text 4 c Foundations
- •2 On what kind of ground have towns and cities appeared?
- •3 What is the function of pile foundations?
- •4 Can piles be made without using building materials?
- •4.6 Read the dialogue in pairs
- •5.1 Pretext exercises
- •5.1.1Read the words. Pay attention to the letters in italics
- •5.1.2 Read the following words. Mind their meaning
- •5.1.3 Read the following verbs. Mind their meaning. Pay attention to the principal forms
- •5.1.4 Find the proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English words
- •5.1.5 Choose the proper English word
- •Russian
- •Lime, wood, brick, cement, stone, steel, concrete, glass, gypsum, plastics
- •Text 5 a
- •Wood is the most ancient structural material. If is light, cheap, easy to work with and its mechanical properties are good. But it has serious disadvantages: it burns and decays.
- •5.3 Exercises to the text
- •5.3.1 Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct them
- •5.3.2 Find sentences describing concrete
- •5.3.3 Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text
- •3 Bricks are early fastened together… c) in the properties desired by the engineer.
- •5.3.4 Complete the following sentences using the information from the text
- •5.3.5 Ask your partner the following questions. Listen to his/her answers. Don’t forger to change over
- •Text 5 в timber
- •5.5 Read the text. Find the key sentences in all passages of the text. Render the text in Russian Text 5 c Reinforced Concrete
- •Steel constructions with reinforced concrete have become the most important building materials invented in centuries and they have given modern architecture its peculiar features.
- •5.6 Read the text and speak different features of aluminum. Give your reason of its usage in construction
- •Text 5 d
- •Aluminum in Structures
- •5.7 Write a summary of the following text in English
- •5.8.1 Read the dialogue in pairs Dialogue 1
- •Dialogue 2
- •5.8.2 Work in pairs. Interview your partner as an expert in building materials. Use the words and expressions from the texts you have read
- •5.9 Audial practice
- •From the History of Concrete
- •5.10 Summarize your knowledge of the question under consideration. Speak on the different aspects of building materials
4.1.3 Read the following verbs.Mind their meaning.Pay attention to the principal forms
to overcome( overcame; overcome) охватить
to wedge (-ed;-ed) закреплять клином
to incline (-ed;-ed) наклонять
to invert (-ed;-ed) переворачивать
to cut (cut; cut) отрубать, отрезать
to support (-ed;-ed) поддерживать
to project (-ed;-ed) выступать, выдаваться
to become (became; become) становиться
to restrain (-ed;-ed) сдерживать
to transmit(-ed;-ed) передавать
to supplant(-ed;-ed) вытеснить (заменить)
4.1.4 Find the proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English words
structure, economical, element, history, arch, type, central, profile, section, geometry, control, circular, vertical, horizontal, meridian, line, result, system, experiment
4.1.5 Choose the proper English word
1 балка a) column b) beam c) flooring
2 копия a) counterpart b) span c) axis
3 сводчатый a) tubular b) vaultlike c) rough
4 размер a) stiffness b) plywood c) dimension
5 промежуток a) gap b) dome c) shell
6 кирпичная кладка a) girder b) masonry c) cast-iron
7 широта a) magnitude b) mass concrete c) latitude
4.1.6 Find the English equivalents of the following Russian words
A поддерживать, консольная балка; ложная арка; выступать; передавать; вытеснить; нагрузка; чугун; ограничивать; расстояние между опорами
B to project; false arch; to restrain; span; to support; cast-iron; cantilever beam; to supplant; to transmit; load
4.1.7 Read the following word-combinations and translate them into Russian
important considerations; correct dimensions; structural elements; the chief means; ancient architecture; inclined toward one another; an inverted shape; true brick arches; to use concrete in place of stone; Middle Ages; a braced beam; simple timber arch; to rest upon a support; to project from a wall; counterpart of an arch; a vertical axis; to transmit loads; vaultlike form; to supplant masonry by concrete