Орієнтовний перелік питань до підсумкового модульного контролю № 1

з дисципліни «English» (за професійним спрямуванням) для студентів ІІ курсу

медичних та медико-психологічних факультетів 2012-2013 н.р.

Infectious diseases

1. What infectious diseases do you know? What are children’s infectious diseases? Define the infectious diseases you known.

I known such infectious diseases as: rheumatic fever, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, dysentery, quinsy (гострий тонзиліт), measles (кір), mumps (свинка), smallpox (віспа), chicken-pox (вітрянка), poliomyelitis. The children^’s infectious diseases are: chicken-pox and diphtheria. I wont to tell about such dangerous diseases as mumps. The agent of this diseases is a filtrable virus. It is found in the saliva of patients, where it may be present for at least 24 hours before swelling of the salivary glands develops. The incubation period about 14 to 21 days. The complicated of disease are testicular atrophy and may follow orchitis, and deafness (глухота) or facial paralysis.

2. What may infectious diseases be caused by?

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria or other microorganisms that multiply in the body and have a harmful effect on it.

3. What is the classification of infectious disease according to the way of infectioning?

According to the mode of infection contagious diseases may be classified as:

• Infectious diseases in which the infecting organism penetrates through an abrasion or wound of the skin or mucous membranes;

• Infections caused by the pathogenic microorganisms through the respiratory tract;

• Infections, generally bacterial, disseminated principally by the intestinal discharges (розрив).

4. What is immunity? What types of immunity do you know? Describe the types.

The capacity possessed by the body for resisting infection is spoken of immunity. Immunity may be natural and acquired. Natural immunity to certain infections may be transmitted from parent to offspring. A temporary passive immunity is transmitted from the mother to her infant both through the placental circulation and through the breast milk. Acquired immunity may follow a spontaneous attack of disease, the artificial inoculation of a modified virus, vaccine injections of antitoxic and antibacterial sera.

5. What is influenza, its cause, way of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications?

Influenza is one of the highly contagious viruses disease. The known viruses causing influenza are designated as types A, B and C. The way of transmission is by the respiratory tract. The symptoms of influenza are: coryza (нежить), prostration (знемога), fatigue (втома), highly temperature and headache. The treatment of this disease consist of special drugs, drinks many hot tee with lemon and only principal stay in the bed. Bacterial pneumonia. bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, cervical lymphadenitis and such dangerous complication as pulmonary edema.

6. What is chicken-pox, its cause, way of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications?

Chicken-pox is highly contagious viruses disease with airborne transmission. Virus of chicken-pox is the cause of this disease. The symptoms are: mild headache, low fever, some malaise

and rash. For treatment this disease used some special drugs like: interferon, acyclovir and flacozid, bud the results is not very good. Usually the immunity of the body cope independently specially in the young children. Mane treatment focused to prevent the complications like: secondary infection, sepsis, scarlet fever or gangrene of the skin. That is: stay in the bed, the therapy of detoxifications, using antihistamines and handling blisters of brilliant green.