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- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions and word-combinations:
- •Inform the group about your activities and find out if he or she does the same:
- •Express doubt concerning the truth of the following statements:
- •Ask about the following as in the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •Open the brackets using the Present Indefinite Tense in the Passive Voice:
- •Read and change the sentences according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 7
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 16
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 20
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 20
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 29
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 33
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 59
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 61
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 69
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 71
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 75
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 88
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 92
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 93
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 98
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 102
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 105
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 114
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 121
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 121
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 121
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 127
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 127
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 133
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 136
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 150
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 156
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 156
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 156
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 172
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 205
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 205
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 205
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 230
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 230
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 244
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 247
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 254
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 254
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 257
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 265
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 269
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 272
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 160
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and words-combinations:
- •Ask questions to which the following statements are answers:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •Express the following in Hie Passive Voice:
- •Ask questions to the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the texf:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Inform the group about the future activités or states:
- •Ask for confirmations of the truth of the following statements:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinafions and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text;
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Make the following sentences passive:
- •Translate the verbs in brackets in English using them in Hie necessary tense-form:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate info English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Put questions to the italicized words:
- •Xf. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Vil. Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Lesson 11
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Lesson 12
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 15
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 18
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 7
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 16
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 20
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 20
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 29
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 33
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 59
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 62
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 62
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 70
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 72
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 76
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 89
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 93
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 94
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 99
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 103
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 106
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 114
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 115
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 122
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 122
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 122
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 128
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 128
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 134
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 137
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 151
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 157
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 157
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 157
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 172
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 173
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 206
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 206
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 206
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 230
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 230
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 244
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 247
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 254
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 254
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 257
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 265
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 269
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 272
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 160
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •LeSsOn 20 exchange amd specialization
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 21 public goods, information and uncertainty
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 22 markets
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text;
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 7
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 16
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 20
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 20
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 29
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 33
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 59
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 62
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 62
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 70
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 72
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 76
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 89
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 93
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 94
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 99
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 103
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 106
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 114
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 115
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 122
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 122
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 122
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 128
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 128
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 134
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 137
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 151
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 157
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 157
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 157
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 172
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 173
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 206
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 206
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 206
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 231
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 231
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 245
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 248
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 255
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 255
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 258
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 266
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 270
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 273
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 160
- •Lesson 23
- •International markets for commodities and currencies
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 24
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 25 aggregate supply
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 26 aggregate demand
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 27
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 28 the national debt
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups;
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Lesson 29 financial markets
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words;
- •I saw them working at the stock market.
- •1. I noticed them as they were trying to sell their bonds.
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Lesson 32
- •International development
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Vocabulary
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 7
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 16
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 20
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 20
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 29
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 33
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 59
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 62
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 62
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 70
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 72
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 76
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 89
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 93
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 94
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 99
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 103
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 106
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 114
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 115
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 122
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 122
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 122
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 128
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 128
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 134
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 137
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 151
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 157
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 157
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 157
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 172
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 173
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 206
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 206
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 206
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 231
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 231
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 245
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 248
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 255
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 255
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 258
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 266
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 270
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 273
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 160
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 7
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 16
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 20
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 20
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 29
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 33
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 59
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 62
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 62
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 70
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 72
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 76
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 89
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 93
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 94
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 99
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 103
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 106
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 114
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 115
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 122
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 122
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 122
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 128
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 128
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 134
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 137
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 151
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 157
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 157
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 157
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 172
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 173
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 206
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 206
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 206
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 231
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 231
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 245
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 248
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 255
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 255
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 258
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following: 266
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 270
- •IV. Read and translate the text; 273
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •IV. Read and translate the text: 160
- •Contents
- •1 Give English equivalents of the following:
Answer the following questions:
1. Why must all societies deal with scarcity? v 2. What is rent?
How can we define the term «economics»?
What is wages?
Why is the need to choose imposed on us?
What is interest?
What is microeconomics?
What is macroeconomics?
When did the development of modem economics begin?
10. What questions must every society provide answers to?
How do you understand the term «factors of production»?
Define the terms:
economics capital
interest microeconomics
macroeconomics wages
profit labor and human resources
Translate into English:
Бажання людини безмежні, а кошти, необхідні для здійснення цих бажань, надто обмежені. 2. Перед кожним суспільством постає проблема нестатку. 3. Економічні чинники впливають на рішення у світі бізнесу. 4. Ресурси, необхідні для утворення товарів і послуг, називають чинниками виробницва. 5. Заробітна плата — це та винагорода, яку отримують робітники за свою працю. 6. Купуючи фабрики, машини та інші засоби виробництва, ділові люди часто вживають термін «капітал». 7. Економіка — це наука, яка описує та аналізує вибір з-поміж недостатніх ресурсів, які мають задовольнити потреби населення. 8. Кожний чинник виробництва має місце в нашій економічній системі і кожний виконує відповідну функцію.
Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
P.; Hello, Bob!
S.: Oh, Peter, glad to see you. Haven't seen you for a long time. What have you been busy with, and what are you doing now?
P.: I'm a student of the Kyiv University. And what about you? 8.: You know, when I received my school leaving certificate,
I decided to work at a plant and get a speciality.
P.: What speciality have you got?
B.: I'm a fitter now, I get good wages and I can support my mother. And now that I have become a skilled worker
I think already I can combine my job with studies by taking correspondence courses or attending the evening faculty of an institute.
P.: What institute do you want to enter?
8.: I have thought about the Cherkassy Engineering and Technological Institute, but I haven’t yet decided. I'd like to become an economist.
P.: Is it really interesting for you?
8.: Oh, yes, of course. I know that the studying of economics will help us to understand the economic forces better and enable us to live a fuller life.
P.; Do you know what is the basic economic problem?
B.: I think I do. The central problem of economics is to determine the most efficient ways to allocate the factors of scarcity created by society's unlimited wants and limited resources.
P.: But in doing so, every society must provide answers to the following three questions'.
What goods and services are to be produced and in what qualities are they to be produced?
How are those goods and services to be produced?
Who will receive and consume (get to use) those goods and services?
: You are right. The way in which a society goes about answering these fundamental questions is known as its economic system. I'd like to study the economic system of our country.
P.; Now I understand you and I hope you will enter the institute and become a very good economist.
: Well, I am a bit hungry, why don't we have a snack together?
P.: Good idea. Let's go and have a snack in the cafe.
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