Protection Against Environmental Pollution

Any operating nuclear power plant releases fission products into the environment, which causes environmental pollution.

To prevent the harmfUl effects of nuclear power release, the nuclear power plants are supplied with protective installations that serve as’bar- new to the pollution.

First, the nuclear fuel and the fission products are confined within sealed tubes made of stainless steel or zirconium. Then the assembly of tubes is placed in a steel reactor vessel. And finally the steel reactor

vessel is placed in a large steel and concrete housing.

As to the hot radioactive waste products they are disposed in heavily shielded cylinder. The cylinders are buried 305 to 610 metres under- ground.

2. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:

1. A nuclear power plant a) liquid products. releases b) fission products.

2. Operating nuclear a) pollute the environment.

power plants b) prevent the pollution.

3. The protective power a) produce the release of fission products. plant installations b) prevent the release of fission products.

4. The sealed tubes arc a) bronze.

made of b) stainless steel.

5. The fission products are a) within sealed tubes. confined b) within open tubes.

5. The steel reactor vessel a) in a concrete housing.

is placed b) in a zirconium housing.

5. The w8stc products arc a) in an open vessel. disposed b) in shielded cylinders.

1. What kind of products does the operating nuclear power plant release?

2. What installations are used to prevent the harmful effects of a nuclea

power plant operation?

3. What material are the tubes made of?

4. Where are the fission products confined2

5. In what part of the installation is the reactor vessel placed?

6. In what way are the hot radioactive waste products disposed?

2. Grammar Revision

n «TO)3éHne rpauuaTnKn

LLlord Formation

/7px«epsi

supremacy advantage; damage resistance; existence

discrepancy; efficiency foundation

freedom

consumer; conductor

^{installation; direction}

equipment; requirement

leadership

capacity; conductivity

/7epesod

leader, ability, contribution, carrier, compactness, development, altitude, width, mechanics, pessimist relation, biendship, storage, boredom, quantity

^{-ate to} generate

-utc to contribute

- 9J -

to shorten

2. Which of the given words arc nouns, verbs? Why?

practice, wide, wilderness, practise, electrifies, compute, amplitude, elec-

C ‹/›xxcai

-able/-ibIc

-like

J7pituepsi mainly

clockwise

considerable, possible

simultaneous; advantageous various; dangerous important, efficient aggregate

unique basic superior positive

useless humanlike compulsory noisy

Ilepeaod

rnaaiisisi o6pasosi

3aa•iiireiisiiuift, ao sioixiiuiff ociioaiioR

oniioapesieiiiisiR; bnaronpiiu iisitl

pa3xx•iiisiA; onacrrbiA

sax‹iu•iA, ocRcrscnnsi9 o6utn9, cosoxynusiR ynxKaJtbrrbi9

ocxosxoR s»tcuixR, nyxuixR nono›xnrensnutt

noncsxsiR 6ccnonczxuR venoscnxsiR o6ssazerisnsitt

easily, equal, noisy, numerous, faulty, anticlockwise, eastwards, well, carelessly, powerful, traceable, good, simply, comfortable, useful, north- ward, dangerous, businesslike, naturally, inferior, bad

4. Distribute the words Into four columns.

Model. what? what kind of? >h«t to do? how?

use useful to use usefully

insulator, failure, fail, addition, additional, overestimate, equal, equalize, equality, equally, different differ, difference, resist, resistance, resistivity, resistant, commonly, consumer, faulty, impossibility, carelessly, number, numerous, possible, clockwise

5. a) How many parts docs cach word consist of? What arc the stems?

Model. un-doubt-ed-ly

failure, indifferent uncommonly, unequality, numerously, uselessly, noiseless, advantageous

b) Translate the words and thclr stems.

5. Form nouns by addlng the suffixes -cr, -or:

to work, to invent, to compose, to calculate, to operate, to acg to reect, to

emig to tmnsmig to use, to combine

5. Form adverbs from adjectives by addtng the suffix -fy:

easy, reasonable, usual, special, physical, functional, real, regular, magneti- cal, different, logical, mathematical, subsequent consequent

stems: equal-, nii-, add-, differ-, success-, common-, resist-

suffixes: -ure, -fy, -ence, -ition, -Jul, -less, -truce, -ness

b) Translate the new words.

9. Form adjectives. Choose the proper sufflzcs and add them to the

steins: differ, advantage, metal, structure, resist, use, reason, control, base

suffixes: -ous. -ie, -less, -/ir/, -o6/e, -enf, -onf

9. Tmnslatc Into Russian in wrltlng:

l. Oxygen combines directly with nearly all elements.

2. Plastic materials are relatively new insulating materials.

3. Polythene cables have numerous advantages.

4. The importance of semiconductors for modem science cannot be under- estimated.

- 93 -

5. Semiconductors conduct electricity less efficiently than metals.

6. The method proved to be efficient.

7. What resistance materials are in common use today?

^{P *R}

^{aperiodic; abnormal}

^{cc-axial; convergent}

^{to desalt}

^disadvantage to enlarge

ex-president impossible _; insignifi- cant; irregular

^{interconnection; inter-}

dependence

^mislead

non-conductor

output

sub- submarine

supcr- superconductor

un- unequal

under- to underestimate

11. Read the following words. What

Tmnslatc the words into Russian:

7i[J0TNBOA9ffC7BOB6Tb

xcpcryxepusiR

B3SJ£MOCBE3b; B36FWO3BBHC£'tMOCZb

iieiiooueiuiaais

are thelr prcflzes2 stems? suffixes?

gencmte, inefficient, abnonnally, undcrproduction, anticlockwise, counter- action, demagnetizc, supemonductor, unequality, misunderstand, un- equally, equality, interrelation, non-conductor, input, simplify, waturless, irregularity, redden, enlargement, unreadable, southward, clockwise, fully, noisy, typically, impossible, superconductor

12.Tmnslatc the following commands:

l. Learn the rule, please.

2. Use additional resistor, please.

3. Include the data into the common list.

4. Do not underestimate the advantages of the new resistors!

5. Do not use the instrument.

1. Heat the magnet, please!

2. Switch off the power, will you?

3. Use the superconductor!

14. Translate into Russian in writing:

Energy is the capacity for doing work. The various forms of energy, interconvertible by suitable means, include potential, kinetic, electrical, heat, chemical, nuclear, and radiant energy. Interconversion between these forms of energy occurs only in the presence of matter.

In the absence of matter energy can only exist in the form of radiant en-

Choose the correct form:

1. ^{The aluminium plant is a (cozuuiiier, co}••º º'•^{n) of the (fociif, fa-}

culty) generated electric power.

2. The (neii', neirfy) built shops ^ar_{• (''ººº}^{ONCé, t}_< '°º*°ºº •• ±• ±º•• of the power plant.

3. Nuclear energy is energy released during a nuclear (rezictor, re‹iction) as a result of(com'ertibfe, conversion) of mass into energy.

4. Uranium is a _{º° R•}^rison, compiiriibfe, compnrntivef)?) rare element.

_{º <°³º I² Rº} ^PtOHCé, 1 _Rº ^Ptant) problems in (zitom, zitomic) power

Qenerator, generzition) are connected with the reactor. Reactor (tech-

nologist, technology) is still in (progressive, progress). The light-water

reactor types seem most (usejlifnesi, uieJffy, uieJf).

Conversion

Konaepcns

B commute of pyccxoro ×3uixa, a aiiriiiiRcxosi ssuixe oiiao ii ie ixe ciioao simmer asicrynais a npeaaoixeaiiii a xa•iecrse pasioux •iacrefi pesii. Tax, a naaimix aiiixe npegiioixeiiiiax cnoao water saaserca cyiuecrawrensiiuisi (1), rnaronosi (2), impair poiix npiinaraieiisiioro (onpeiieiieiiiiu) (3), saiisercs •ia- crsio caoixiioro caoaa (4).

l. Water is necessary for life. - Bona aeo6xoniizia and interim.

2. Water the flower-bed, please. — Honefi(ie), noixaayitcra, xnysi6y.

3. Water mills served a source of energy. — Boaximie iiensiiiiii i cnya‹iuiii

4. water-supply system — ciiczeua aoiiociia6ixeniia

water-proof watch — aoiioiienpoiiiiuaeiiuie sacui

3iiasciiiis nogo6imix coca ii ux nepeaon aa pyccxiitt muix 3aaiicxr or ro- ro, Kaxrot •uicnou rrpcxxo»‹cnxs oxn eaxoozcx Oxu uoryt 6uzb noaxc›xa 1111'\M, CKB3¶CM£•£M {££J1H CED 98CT6£D), OTL]3B/LCJ£CH££GM, C7D9TCJZLC7BOM.

‹t›yxxrjjoo cnosa nouorac orrpcacxxrs zacpAxi9 nopxAox cxos s axrnxRcxou

15. Look up the meanings of these words in a dictionary, If necessary. How

I . The conductor wires arc placed high up.

2. Electromagnets lift iron weights.

3. The plastic box houses the conducting and the insulating elements of

4. The house is lighted and heated by solar energy.

5. The light went out. Light the candle, please.

6. After the metal was heated it changed its colour to a md heat.

7. Numerous changes arc taking place in the uses of atomic energy.

8. Electric power is used univemally.

9. The newly made invention has a great number of uses.

10. The wire and the source form a circuit.

b)

^{The fuel-and-energy balance is important for industry.}

2. Conductivity increases with heating.

The machine should be re-fuelled.

4. The amount of power used in the world in a year amounts to 12,000

million tons of equivalent fuel.

Water barriers are crossed by submarine cables. ^{The instrument is foot-controlled by a pedal.}

7. Force and motion go together; one is a cause, the other, a result.

An electromotive force causes the electrons to move.

Conaol of the apparatus is placed on the panel.

The volt is a measure ofelectiomotive force.

- 96 -

numERRLS

0 zero ['zi:rou], [ou]

1 one [wan]

3 three [8ri:]

5. ftvc [faiv]

6. six [siks]

7. ieven ['sevnJ

8. eight Bert]

9 aiac [natn]

to ten [tenl

60 sixty ['sikstiJ

70 seventy ['sevnti]

27 twenty-seven

5 l fifty-one

118 one hundred and eighteen

365 three hundred and sixty-five

11. eleven lilevn]

12. twelve [twelv]

14. fourteen [13:fin]

15. fifteen [1if'ti:n]

16. sixteen ['siks1i:n]

17 seventeen [’sevn1i:n]

18. eighteen [’ei1i:n]

19. niactcca [’nain1in]