Текст 2. (для специальности 080109у – «Бухгалтерский учет, анализ и аудит»)

Accounting

GENERAL DEFINITION OF ACCOUNTING

Today, it is impossible to manage a business operation without accurate and timely accounting information. Managers and employees, lenders, suppliers, stockholders, and government agencies all rely on the information contained in two financial statements. These two reports – the balance sheet and the income statement – are summaries of a firm's activities during a specific time period. They represent the results of perhaps tens of thousands of transactions that have occurred during the accounting period.

Accounting is the process of systematically collecting, analyzing, and reporting financial information. The basic product that an accounting firm sells is information needed for the clients.

Many people confuse accounting with bookkeeping. Bookkeeping is a necessary part of accounting. Bookkeepers are responsible for recording (or keeping) the financial data that the accounting system processes.

The primary users of accounting information are managers. The firm's accounting system provides the information dealing with revenues, costs, accounts receivables, amounts borrowed and owed, profits, return on investment, and the like. This information can be compiled for the entire firm; for each product; for each sales territory, store, or individual salesperson; for each division or department; and generally in any way that will help those who manage the organization. Accounting information helps managers plan and set goals, organize, motivate, and control. Lenders and suppliers need this accounting information to evaluate credit risks. Stockholders and potential investors need the information to evaluate soundness of investments, and government agencies need it to confirm tax liabilities, confirm payroll deductions, and approve new issues of stocks and bonds. The firm's accounting system must be able to provide all this information, in the required form.

Рыжков В.Д.

Деловой английский язык

Текст 3.

(для специальностей 100103, 100103у – «Социально-культурный сервис и туризм», 260902, 260902у – «Конструирование швейных изделий», 100101, 100101у – «Сервис», 050501 – «Парикмахерское искусство и дизайн прически»)

Cambridge

Cambridge is mainly a town of students. Cambridge University is one of the oldest universities in Great Britain. Many great men studied at Cambridge, among them Newton, the scientist, Bacon, the philosopher, Milton, the poet, Cromwell, the soldier and statesman.¹

There are 19 colleges at the University now; two of them are for women students. Women students do not take a very active part in university life at Cambridge. But they work harder than men and you seldom see them outside of the classroom.

The students are mainly English but there are plenty of others. There is a variety of races, religions and points of view among the students of the University.

Wireless is of importance In university education. At home students after their day's work can hear lectures by eminent teachers on all kinds of subjects. Every student has a tutor. The tutor plans his students¹ work and discusses with them their work.

The story of Cambridge University began in 1209. That year several hundred students arrived in the little town of Cambridge from Oxford. Life at Oxford was very hard at that time as there was constant trouble between the people of the town and the students. One day a student accidentally killed a man of the town. The Mayor¹ arrested three other students and ordered to hang them. In protest all the students moved to different parts of the country and some came to Cambridge; and so the new University began.