Text 3. Oral Hygiene – Brush your Teeth!

A mouse is permanently moist. Therefore it is the most susceptible to germs and particularly unprotected to mucous contamination with more than a hundred types of germs. Saliva contains nearly ₁₀8 germs per ml. Teeth, plaque and gum-teeth interface together with mucous are preferred breading grounds for germs. Strongly acidic environment, due to the decomposition of food, favours this development. Good oral hygiene limits formation of plaque as well as gingival and mouth problems.

You can learn to take better care of your teeth by understanding the structure of the teeth and their environment. The mouth, or oral cavity, includes the lips, teeth, gums, tongue, salivary glands. The main function of the teeth is to chew the food to make it more digestible. The tongue has muscles that help to position food so that it can be chewed properly. The tongue also has receptors for taste, called taste buds. During chewing, the salivary glands release saliva containing enzymes that, for example, break down complex carbohydrates into digestible sugars. It is important to practice good dental hygiene to avoid tooth decay and gum diseases. Attention should be paid to eliminating food particles, dental plaque and ensuring daily gum care, as well as visiting the dentist at least once a year. Teeth should be brushed after each meal and a minimum two times a day in an effective manner:

- Toothpaste.

- Brush up and down in a light circular motion, in front, behind and across the top of the teeth, for three minutes.

- Rinse. The principle of not putting objects or fingers in the mouth should also be firmly adhered to. Sugar and sweets also encourage great increase of germs in number.

These drawings show to clean your teeth.

Brush top and bottom teeth separately.

Go round all the teeth, not forgetting the tips.

Using a circular move­ment, brush from the gums towards the teeth.

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Hold the toothbrush at an angle.

• http://www.hygiene-educ.com/en/learn/topics.htm, adopted by Nadezhda Asanova

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene, adopted by Nadezhda Asanova

Vocabulary:

oral hygiene - гигиена полости рта to brush teeth - чистить зубы oral cavity - ротовая полость moist - влажный particularly - особенно saliva - слюна salivary gland - слюнная железа plaque - зубной камень, налет gum - десна gum-teeth interface - область контакта десна – зубы are preferred - являются предпочтительными to firmly adhere to - твердо соблюдать (что-либо)

acidic - кислотный the decomposition of food - гниение пищи to favour - способствовать gingival -(десновой- анат.) , десенный chew - жевать digestible - легко усваиваемый taste buds -вкусовые сосочки (языка) enzymes - ферменты complex carbohydrates - сложные углеводороды tooth decay - разрушение зубов eliminating - уничтожение, извлечение ensuring - обеспечение (гарантирование) dentist - зубной врач