Exercises

Ex. 1. Open the brackets and fill in the gaps with the necessary form of an adjective or an aderb./ Раскройте скобки и заполниет пропуски необходимой формой прилагатльного или наречия

Changes in the sleep cycle do occur with aging. ………..(deep or slow) wave sleep (Stage N3) sleep declines as we age, while ……….(light) sleep (Stage N1) increases with age, so that ……….(old) adults may spend ……(little) time in the more restorative stages of sleep and more time in ………( light) sleep. (Old)……….. people are also …… (easily) aroused from sleep. While some people believe that ……..(old) adults need ….. (little) sleep as they get ……(old), there is no scientific evidence that …….(old) people need …..(little) sleep than ……(young) adults.

Ex. 2. Match the stage sleep and its description/ Подберите стадию сна и его описание.

Stage N1 sleep,	is a true sleep state, and accounts for 40% to 50% of sleep time.
Stage N2 sleep	has been called deep sleep, delta sleep, or slow wave sleep. This stage accounts for about 20% of sleep in young adults
Stage N3 sleep	is the transition from wakefulness to deeper sleep. This is the lightest stage of sleep, and people may not always perceive they are asleep when in this stage

Ex. 3. Correct the statements (true is correct, false is incorrect)/ Исправьте утверждения

1. Sleep typically occurs in cycles that range from 100 to 120 minutes in length, with 3-5 cycles occurring during each night's sleep.

2. In the first half of the night, there is a transition from wakefulness into stage N1 sleep, then to stages N2, and N3. Stages N2 and N3 then reappear, followed by the first instance of REM sleep.

3. In the REM period, breathing doesn’t become more rapid, irregular and shallow, eyes jerk rapidly and limb muscles are temporarily paralyzed

4. NREM sleep has traditionally been considered to be divided into 4 stages

5. During the REM period, brain waves increase to levels experienced when a person is awake, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, males develop erections and the body loses some of the ability to regulate its temperature.

6. Stage 1 is known as a deep sleep where you drift in and out of sleep and can’t be awakened easily

Ex. 4. Make the sentences negative and interrogative/ Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:

1. REM sleep is unlike any of the other stages of sleep

2. Sleep researchers noticed a unique pattern of brain waves

3. Individuals vary greatly in their need for sleep

4. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that most average adults need about 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night

5. Newborn babies sleep from 16 to 18 hours a day.

6. Preschool-aged children typically sleep between 10 and 12 hours a day.

7. Older, school-aged children and teensneed at least 9 hours of sleep a night.

8. Women in the first trimester of pregnancy want a few more hours' sleep than usual

9. Cycles of stage N2 and REM sleep alternate with each other for the second half of the night.

10. Most people experience three to five intervals of REM sleep each night.

Ex. 5. Match the group of people and the needs for sleep/ Определите какой группе людей соответствуют количество сна, необходимое для здоровья.

Group of people	Needs for sleep ( hours)
average adults	16 to 18 hours
Newborn babies,	at least 9 hours
Preschool-aged children(3-6years)	more than usual
Older, school-aged children(6-10 years)	7 to 9 hours
Women in the first trimester of pregnancy	10 and 12 hours
Infants (3-11 months)	9.25 hours
Toddlers (12-35 months)	12-14 hours
Adolescents (11-18 years)	14-15 hours
Elderly adults	may need less

Ex. 6. Make the sentences negative and interrogative/ Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:

1. During sleep, your brain rests.

2. You cannot learn to function normally with one or two fewer hours of sleep a night than you need.

3. Boredom makes you feel sleepy, even if you have had enough sleep.

4. Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body’s need for sleep.

5. Snoring is not harmful as long as it doesn’t disturb others or wake you up.

6. Everyone dreams every night.

7. The older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need.

8. Most people don’t know when they are sleepy.

9. Raising the volume of your radio will help you stay awake while driving.

10. Sleep disorders are mainly due to worry or psychological problems.

11. The human body never adjusts to night shift work.

12. Most sleep disorders go away even without treatment.

Ex. 7. Open the brackets and fill in the gaps using the necessary form of Present Simple or Future Simple./ Раскройте скобки и заполните пропуски необходимой формой глагола

Ellen Caroll has often asked herself this exact question – especially when it ….(to come) to helping her family members……(to ge)t the amount of sleep they…..(to need). With a son in preschool and a daughter in high school, a husband who works over 50 hours a week and aging parents, one with Parkinson's disease, Ellen's family………(to run) the gamut when it……(to come) to age and sleep ……( to need). Because all of Ellen's family members……(to have) busy schedules, they often…..(to forget) to put their sleep needs ahead of their other priorities. Not only does Ellen need to convince her family that getting the right amount of sleep…..(to be) important, but she also……(to need) to figure out how much sleep they really …..(to need)!

Ex. 8. Ask the questions\ задайте вопросы:

1. On weekdays (workdays), I usually go to bed at 12 o’clock ( Who?, When?, Where?)

2. On weekdays (workdays), the earliest time in the last two weeks I have gone to bed is 11 o’clock. ( What time?, How long?)

4. My usual weekend (off days) bedtime is 10 hours( What?, How long?)

5. On weekdays, I wake up at 7 o’clock. ( What time ?, Who?, When/)

7. To feel my best, I should go to bed at 11 o’clock. (What time ?, Who?)

9. In the evening, I usually start feeling tired at about 9 o clock. (What time ?, Who?, When, )

10. The amount of time that I usually take to fall asleep is 30 minutes. ( What ?, Who? How long ?)

11. I usually exercise at 7 o’clock for 30_ minutes. ( What?, When, How long?)

13. I take a nap about 30 minutes a days each week. ( Who?, What?, How often ?)

14. After taking a nap, I usually feel _ refreshed ( How?, When ?)

15 . I have trouble falling asleep at night. ( what? When)

Ex. 9. Make the sentences using the following words/ Составьте предложения из следующих слов :

1. the morning I up in wake long e I have befor to.

2. nights Some never, I get to no sleep matter hard how I try.

3. go I to I bed feel sleepy do not.

4. often I better sleep in an bedroom, unfamiliar such a room hotel as or motel.

5. often I hungry feel or going thirsty to bed before

6. I try to When sleep pain I feel

7. Pain me up often wakes or keeps from back me going to sleep.

8. have I a creeping, sensation in legs crawling. my.

9. am I a light sleeper very.

10. am I awakened easily by noises.

11. My is sleep because disturbed of partner bed.

12. Heat my cold disturbs or sleep.

13. a snack Generally get I up in of the night the middle for.

Test 1

1 How many types of sleep disorders are there?

less than 10

more than 20

more than 50

2 What makes somnambulism dangerous?

It is a disorder that causes sleepers to stop breathing.

It is sleepwalking, or even sleep-driving, which is more dangerous than driving while talking on a cell phone

It causes such violent restlessness that it's more dangerous to the sleeper's bed partner than the sleeper.

3. Cataplexy in people with narcolepsy, a disorder that causes frequent and excessive sleepiness during the day, can be triggered by:

drinking

laughter

being really tired

4. What's the name of the test used in sleep studies to diagnose sleeping disorders?

spirometry

polysomnography

angiography

5. If you dread sleeping, the disorder is called:

nyctophobia

somniphobia

clinophobia

6. How many Americans have chronic sleeping disorders?

20 million

30 million

40 million

7. Which type of sleep disorder is the most common?

sleepwalking

insomnia

sleep apnea

8. Non-24 is a sleeping disorder that causes you to believe this.

The body needs to sleep only one hour in every 24.

The day is more than 24 hours long.

You cannot sleep until the series 24 returns to the air.

9. This is the most common cause of sleep apnea.

smoking

obesity

stress

10. Restless legs syndrome is a sleep disorder that can be caused by a deficiency of this mineral.

Iron

calcium

potassium

11. During sleep paralysis, your mind wakes up but your body doesn't, so you're momentarily paralyzed. This could last a few seconds to several minutes. Sleep paralysis often is accompanied by:

Hallucinations

12. What's the most common treatment used for sleep disorders?

lifestyle changes

sleeping pills

therapy

13. Exploding head syndrome is:

not a real sleep disorder

a condition that causes noises inside your head

an intense pain that occurs during sleeping

really bad bed head upon waking.

14. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are connected to this.

how often you feel sleepy

the amount of time you sleep

the timing of sleeping

15. Somniloquy is a sleeping disorder that causes you to do what while sleeping?

have strong nightmares

sleepwalk

talk aloud

16. What sleeping disorder is most common in children?

nighttime bedwetting

sleepwalking

night terrors

17. What famous person suffered from narcolepsy and only slept 2 hours per night?

Thomas Edison

Nikola Tesla

Napoleon Bonaparte

18. Bruxism is a sleep disorder that causes you to clench or grind your teeth while sleeping. What's the most common solution for it?

wearing a dental guard

taking a pill to help you relax

therapy to treat stress.

19.Leonardo Da Vinci was said to suffer from a sleeping disorder (some people refer to it as a sleeping practice) known as polyphasic sleeping. What is this?

sleeping a different number of hours every day

sleeping several times a day

sleeping on alternate days

20. Which of the following medical conditions can produce sleeping disorders?

depression

diabetes

heart disease

all of the above

TEST 2

True or false ?

_____1. Sleep is a time when your body and brain shut down for rest and relaxation.

_____2. If you regularly doze off unintentionally during the day, you may need more than just a good night's sleep.

_____3. If you snore loudly and persistently at night and are sleepy during the day, you may have a sleep disorder.

_____4. Opening the car window or turning the radio up will keep the drowsy driver awake.

_____5. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder marked by "sleep attacks."

_____6. The primary cause of insomnia is worry.

_____7. One cause of not getting enough sleep is restless legs syndrome.

_____8. The body has a natural ability to adjust to different sleep schedules such as working different shifts or traveling through multiple time zones quickly.

_____9. People need less sleep as they grow older.

_____10. More people doze off at the wheel of a car in the early morning or midafternoon than in the evening.

Snooze You Can Use—Sleep Quiz Answers

TEST 4

1.Which group of people requires 9 hours of sleep per night?

Newborns

Toddlers and preschoolers

School-aged children and teens

Adults and mature adults

2.There are how many stages of sleep?

Three

Four

Five

Six

3.Sleep apnea is America's most common sleep disorder.

 True

 False

4.Sleepwalking, which is characterized by walking during sleep, may also include:

Driving a car

Moving furniture

Sitting up and appearing awake

All of the above

5.Which of the following are possible symptoms of sleep deprivation?

Nightmares and night terrors

Weight gain and poor hand-eye coordination

Increased perspiration

B & C

6.What is another term for sleep paralysis?

Parasomnial paralysis

Hypnogogic sleep paralysis

Hypnopompic sleep paralysis

B & C

7.A circadian rhythm refers to which of the following?

The slowing of a sleeping person's heart rate

Reference to a sleeping person's blood pressure

A 24-hour period of time

Rhythmic breathing patterns while sleeping

8.Which mental illness has the strongest link to insomnia?

Paranoid schizophrenia

Depression

Bipolar disorder

Psychosis

9.People need less sleep as they grow older.

True

False

10.Breathing pauses, gasps, shallow breaths, and airway collapse during sleep indicate:

Mixed sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea

Central sleep apnea

All of the above

11.Treatments for insomnia can include sleep aids AND stimulants.

True

False

12.High-level anxiety or terror while sleeping is referred to as:

Nightmares

Night terrors

Desynchronization

Night fright

13.Sleep deprivation can cause:

Memory problems and depression

A weakened immune system

Increased pain perception

All of the above

14.Humans' biological clocks have how many daily periods of sleepiness?

One

Two

Three

Four

15.Sleep disorders and chronic sleep loss can put you at risk for:

Hemophilia, fibromyalgia, and conjunctivitis

Dental problems, dementia, and lupus

Emphysema, lung cancer, and Crohn's disease

Heart disease, heart attack, and heart failure

16.Drowsy driving is similar to driving under an intoxicating influence.

True

False