Text 3. Diseases caused by sex

Read and translate the following text. Прочитайте и переведите текст: STD is an infectious disease spread from person-to-person through direct body (sexual) contact or contact with infected body fluids which include saliva, urine, blood, vaginal fluids and semen. These fluids can contain germs that spread many infections and diseases to another person during sexual contact. Today there are over 20 recognized Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The major groups of organisms causing STDs are: bacteria responsible for gonorrhea, syphilis; Chlamydia viruses, fungi causing candidiasis, protozoa responsible for trichomoniasis, metazoa causing pediculosis pubis, human papilloma virus (HPV), the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the full term for HIV, which means that it weakens the body's immune system. Like all viruses, HIV cannot grow or reproduce on its own. In order to make new copies of itself it must infect the cells of a living organism. HIV can affect anyone from any part of the world. It is not possible to become infected with HIV from everyday casual contact such as sharing food, shaking hands or touching the same objects. You are only at risk from HIV if you are exposed to infected blood or bodily fluids. Insects cannot transmit HIV. There are no specific symptoms of HIV. You can't become infected with HIV through kissing or through everyday contact such as using the toilet. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS was first defined in the USA in September 1982. There is no cure for AIDS. Abstinence is encouraged along with partner reduction and condom use as a way of preventing the spread of STDs. (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/. Adopted by Suslova L.V.)

Vocabulary

Fluid- жидкость Direct- прямой Saliva- слюна Germ- микроб To cause- вызывать Responsible for - ответственность за To weaken- ослаблять Abstinence- воздержание Reduction-снижение

In order to - для того, чтобы Casual- случайный To share- разделять To touch- касаться To expose-подвергать опасности To cure – лечить To encourage- способствовать

Exercises

Ex.1. Use the information above, answer the following questions in written form.Используя информацию из текста, письменно ответьте на следующие

1. What is HIV?

1. A virus

2. A bacterium

3. A fungus

2. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

1. HIV is a virus and AIDS is a bacterial disease

2. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

3. There is no difference between HIV and AIDS

3. Is there a cure for AIDS?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Only available on prescription

4. Does HIV only affect gay people?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Only gay men

4. Only gay women

5. Can you get AIDS from sharing the cup of someone with HIV?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Only if you don't wash the cup

6. Can insects transmit HIV?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Only mosquitoes

7. What does HIV stand for?

1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2. Harmful Intravenous Vaccine

3. Homosexual Injury Volition

8. What does STD stand for?

1. Sexually Transmitted Disease

2. Special Treatment Doctor

3. Standard Transmission Deficiency

9. When was the term 'AIDS' defined?

1. 1977

2. 1982

3. 1987

10. Which practice puts you most at risk of becoming infected with HIV?

1. Kissing

2. Using the same toilet as an infected person

3. Unprotected vaginal sex

11. What is abstinence?

1. To refrain from sex

2. To only have sex with one partner

3. To lose your virginity

Ex.2. Translate the following sentences. Determine the types of the Conditionals. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите типы условных предложен

1. If the temperature is extremely high viruses will not survive.

2. If the sexual partners had either gonorrhea or chlamydia they would receive treatment for both infections.

3. The HCV-positive patient would not have transmitted this infection to others if he had not donated blood.

4. It would have led to Ectopic pregnancy if she hadn’t treated Chlamydia then.

5. If an insect bit a person, it would not transmit HIV.

6. You won't become infected with HIV if you kiss a HIV positive person.

Ex.3. Pick out the appropriate phrases to end the sentences. Translate them into Russian. Выберите соответствующие фразы, чтобы закончить предложения. Переведите их на русский язык.

1. If the human body had no resistance capacity … (a) people would develop any infectious diseases; (b) even direct contacts with infected people would never result in diseases. 2. If HIV infects the cells of a living organism… (a) it will make new copies of itself; (b) no infectious disease will develop in the human organism. 3. If her partners’ saliva and semen contained germs… (a) she would be infected with HIV;(b)she would spread many infections herself.

Ex.4. Make Conditionals I using the right forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences. Раскройте скобки, составьте условные предложения I типа. Предложения переведите.

1.If your GP (to suspect) that you may have STI, he (to refer) you to genitourinary medicine clinic (GUM). 2.If you (to want) to be checked for STI you (to send) your own sample to a laboratory by post.

3.If a doctor (to feel) your grains, he (to check) for enlarged lymph nodes.

4. If Jane ( to be) prescribed antibiotics the full course of tablets ( to be) finished.

5. If Mr. Brown ( to stop) taking the medication he ( to develop) side-effects.