II. Paraphrase each sentence using the word in bold type

2. Obviously some system of replication powered by external sources of energy was formed in the early history of the earth.

Must Some system ……………………history of the earth.

3. Primitive systems which were able to carry out the metabolic processes eventually evolved into cells.

Capable Primitive systems…………...……………..into cells.

4. It is possible that parallel evolution occurred on other planets in the universe.

Have Parallel evolution …………………...in the universe.

5. It is believed that species that are closely related share a recent common ancestor.

Are Closely related species ………..…………ancestor.

6. Different forms of the same gene are called alleles.

Used The term allele………………………………..gene.

7. Individual organisms cannot evolve in a single lifetime.

For It is ……………………………….. a single lifetime.

8. Sexual reproduction ensures that the genes in a population are rearranged in each generation.

Due Genes in a population ………………..reproduction.

9. All living cells rely on the ATP molecule for the short-term storage of energy.

Essential The ATP molecule ……………...….. all living cells.

10. Organisms and their constituent cells reproduce and yield offspring that are profoundly similar to the parent or parents.

But Not……………………….. to the parent or parents.

11. Shortly after the formulation of the cell theory, it became apparent that cell division was preceded by division of the nucleus.

Been After ………………………. division of the nucleus.

III. The following text contains 15 mistakes. Spot and correct them

The study of groups of organisms, called Synecology, is largely descriptive and not easily quantified and contain a bewildering array of terminology. Only recently, since the advent of the electronic and atomic ages, did synecology developed the tools to study complex systems and entering an experimental phase. Important concepts developed by synecology are those concerned of nutrient cycling, energy budgets, and ecosystem development. Synecology has strong ties with pedology, geology, meteorology, and cultural anthropology.

Synecology may been subdivided according with environmental types, as terrestrial or aquatic. Terrestrial ecology, which may be farther subdivided into forest, grassland, arctic, and desert ecology, concerns such an aspects of terrestrial ecosystems as microclimate, soil chemistry, soil fauna, hydrologic cycles, ecogenetics, and productivity. Terrestrial ecosystems are more influencing by organisms and subject too much wider environmental fluctuations then are aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems are affected more by the condition of the water and resist such environmental variables as temperature. Because the physical environment is such important in controlling aquatic ecosystems, considerable attention is paid on the chemical and physical characteristics of the ecosystem, such as the currents and the chemical composition of the water. By convention, aquatic ecology, called limnology, is limit to freshwater stream ecology and lake ecology. The former concerns life in flowing waters; the later, life in relatively still water. Marine ecology deals with life in the open sea and in estuaries.

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