Vocabulary notes

accompanied by – у супроводі/що супроводжується

develop into – розвинутися у

drop/fall off - відпадати

give rise to – давати поштовх до/призводити до зростання

III. Match two halves of the sentences. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian

1. Field Guide to Plants of Costa Rica is a must-have reference guide for beginner and expert naturalists alike. It provides a thorough survey of more than 850 plant species, each entry… 2. Plant cells are formed in meristems, and then… 3. Leaves can turn yellow and… 4. A portion of a root will similarly develop one or more shoots, and thus…

…drop off the plant. … give rise to a new plant. …accompanied by colour photos and a concise yet detailed narrative description. …develop into cell types which are grouped into tissues.

IV. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text

1. The major characteristic feature of vascular plants is the presence of xylem and phloem.

2. Phloem is a complex tissue in vascular plants which functions chiefly in conduction of water and dissolved minerals.

3. Each vascular plant comprises a root, a stem, leaves and flowers.

4. Gymnosperms can be further divided into two subgroups: dicots and monocots.

5. Botanists distinguish between several types of root systems in vascular plants.

6. Both fibrous and taproot systems often serve as food-storing organs.

7. Root hairs are tiny extensions which contribute to a more efficient absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

8. Leaves are the only organs in plants capable of photosynthesis.

9. Bud scales are special structures that form the protective sheath of a plant bud.

10. Cuticle is a thin continuous fatty or waxy film on the external surface of many higher plants.

V. Make up 6-7 questions about the text “Vascular Plants” and ask them to your partner

VI. Look for the words with the following meanings in the text “Vascular Plants”

1. having something as your own;

2. trees or shrubs of the beech family that produce acorns and are known for their hard, tough and durable wood;

3. standing out or projecting beyond a surface or line, readily noticeable, conspicuous, or widely known;

4. notable by reason of extreme size, power, greatness, or excellence;

5. to keep someone or something safe from harm, damage, or illness;

6. to rub against a rough surface in a way that causes slight damage or injury;

7. to go through, to experience or endure;

8. furthest from the middle;

9. something or someone that is not included in a general statement or does not follow a rule or pattern.

VII. Use the words from exercise IV to fill in the blanks in the following sentences

1. Garlic was once thought to _______ people against evil spirits.

2. The house has been in the family's _______ since the 1500s.

3. On the _______ point of the peninsula we could see straight over to Midland Isle and just beyond that to Skomer Island.

4. The sharp rocks, or moraine, which were stuck in the glaciers caused them to _______ out the valleys much deeper.

5. Her nose was quite _______, and she had small, even teeth.

6. Above them, the branches of the _______ tree were beginning to creak and sway.

7. Each plant, without _______, contains some kind of salt.

8. He _______ major heart surgery last year.

9. The progress that has been made in genetic engineering is _______.