III. Reconstruct the text below putting the extracted fragments (1-10) into their correct places (a-j). Make a written translation of the text into Ukrainian

In the late 1970s, biologists began to describe a type of microorganism not seen before. The archaea, at first called archaebacteria, are similar (a)_______. The structures and sequences of certain molecules in these microbes are as different from those in bacteria (b)_______. In other words, the archaea do not fit (c)_______. They are not prokaryotes or eukaryotes, but a third form of life.

Where should taxonomists place the archaea? Some biologists include them with Monera, (d)_______. Placing them in a sixth kingdom is not a satisfying solution either, because their differences are greater (e)_______. In 1990, researchers Carl Woese, Otto Kandler, and Mark Wheelis took a bold step – (f)_______! So they grouped the kingdoms into three broader taxa, the domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Biologists distinguish organisms within the domains (g)_______. Researchers often add new molecular criteria.

Many biologists today recognize the three domains but also adhere to the long-accepted five-kingdom scheme. This presents a contradiction, however — the archaea, considered distinct enough to warrant a separate domain, have no place in the five-kingdom system, that places them with the bacteria, (h)_______. The domain system is still evolving — don't be surprised if terms change. For example, the term archaea implies that these organisms appeared before all others, and (i)_______. We do not yet know enough about the origins of these three basic types of organisms to determine which came first. It will be interesting to see how taxonomy shifts to accommodate new information on the archaea.

The three-domain system considers mostly subcellular and molecular differences between species — (j)_______. Much work needs to be done, however, to reclassify already known organisms in the three-domain system.

1. …which they may only superficially resemble;

2. …into any kingdom in the five-kingdom scheme;

3. by cell complexity, sequences of ribosomal RNA molecules, and the types of lipids that make up cell membranes;

4. …differences we cannot easily see;

5. …to prokaryotes in cellular structure because they lack nuclei;

6. …than those that distinguish members of other kingdoms from each other;

7. …as they are from those in eukaryotes, however, and in some cases they actually more closely resemble molecules in eukaryotes;

8. …the term prokaryote implies that these organisms preceded eukaryotes;

9. …if the life-forms couldn't fit the prevailing taxonomy, then alter the taxonomy;

10. …although they are quite different from bacteria.

IV. Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the words from the box

severe blindness defects inflammation disorder

mild pathogens attention revealed sporozoa

transfusion contracted mouth organ infected

percentage causes liver pregnancy

Human (1)______ appear in all groups of protozoa, but zooflagellates and (2)______ cause the most (3)______ diseases. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that (4)______ toxoplasmosis, with symptoms so (5)______ (fatigue) that many otherwise healthy peo­ple are (6)______ and never know it. The infection came to public (7)______ when physicians traced fetal (8)______ to pregnant women who (9)______ toxoplasmosis from cat feces in litter boxes. Symptoms in the fetus include an enlarged (10)______ and spleen, a rash, eye inflammation causing (11)______, and brain damage. The women had no symptoms when pregnant — only an immune system test (12)______ the infection. The maternal infection must occur early in (13)______ to affect the fetus, and only a small (14)______ of ex­posed fetuses actually develop symptoms.

People also may contract toxoplasmosis from eating raw or undercooked meat, undergoing an (15)______ transplant, or receiving a blood (16)______. An infected person takes in cysts through the nose or (17)______.

In people with AIDS, toxoplasmosis is not a vague, mild (18)______, but a deadly disease. The protozoa quickly spread to the brain, causing (19)______ (encephalitis), and also travel to the lungs, heart, liver, and eyes.