VII. Skim the text “Viruses” one more time to find the words with the following meanings

to a large extent or degree;

to pass into or through;

the inner part of a thing : inside;

the amount of specified material contained; proportion;

a natural enclosing covering;

to take something that belongs to someone else forcibly;

marked by moderation; not extreme or excessive; mild;

hurt or damage;

affected in a negative way and suffering as a result of it;

occurring again after an interval.

VIII. Use the words from the previous exercise to fill in the blanks in the sentences below

1. Most viruses enclosed in ________ appear to be spherical, although the rhabdoviruses are elongated cylinders

2. The weather here continues to be ________!

3. Even after all these years, the patient still suffers from constantly ________ respiratory problems and skin rashes.

4. Elderly people are frequently ________ by this type of pneumonia.

5. The sea turtle's natural habitat has been ________ reduced.

6. Beckham has missed several games through ________.

7. Aiming your light down into it, you can see right through the membrane to the cell ________.

8. Science has ________the mysteries of nature.

9. Two hijackers used fake explosives to ________ the airliner.

10. The fat ________ of this cheese is 60%.

11. With trembling hands Mr Utterson opened the ________.

12. People pay as much attention to your voice as to the ________ of your speech.

13. If this bacterium gets into the body by means of an ________ or wound, the bacterial capsule stimulates the body to wall off the bacteria into an abscess, which reduces the spread of the bacteria but also makes them much more difficult to eradicate.

14. Bromocriptine increases the level of dopamine in the brain, which controls rhythmic biological cycles ________ every 24 hours.

15. The sun's rays can ________ the sea to a depth of twenty metres.

16. Heat is trapped in the Earth's ________.

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

I. Read the following sentences paying special attention to the highlighted phrasal verbs. What do they mean? What do you know about phrasal verbs?

1. Viruses cannot reproduce and carry on metabolic processes without a host cell.

2. Some viruses cause acute disease from which there is fairly rapid recovery but may persist in the tissues, remaining dormant for long periods of time, and then become active again, bringing about serious disease decades later.

3. Powerful digestive enzymes concentrated in the lysosome break down worn-out organelles and ship their building blocks to the cytoplasm where they are used to construct new organelles.

II. Match each of the following phrasal verbs to the correct meaning

break down bring up bring back draw on give off go on make up set off turn out work out

to make use of something; to make something start happening; to separate (as a chemical compound) into simpler substances: decompose; to develop; to happen; to mention; to introduce a subject; to happen in a particular way; to have a particular result; to compose; to produce a smell, light, heat, a sound, etc.; to reintroduce.