Vocabulary notes

due to – завдяки, через

referred to as – що називається як

instead of - замість

make it possible (for someone/something) to do something – уможливлювати щось

III. Answer the following questions about the text “Cell Division”

1. What reproductive mechanism in cells provides for the diversity of the offspring?

2. How many stages does mitosis include?

3. What is interphase characterized by?

4. How many steps of karyokinesis are distinguished?

5. At what stage of mitosis does the nuclear membrane disintegrate?

6. What happens in a cell during telophase?

7. What is cytokinesis?

8. What cells use meiotic pattern of reproduction and why?

9. How do you understand the phrase “the chromatides from different chromosomes cross over”?

10. What are haploid and diploid cells?

IV. Look for the words with the following meanings in the text “Cell Division”

1. To divide a country, building, or room into two or more parts;

2. To make denser or more compact;

3. Either extremity of an axis of a sphere and especially of the earth's axis;

4. To pull hard;

5. To sink away; vanish;

6. Lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern;

7. A flat or level surface;

8. To bring to an end especially in a particular way or with a particular action;

9. To send out in or as if in rays; to spread around from a centre.

V. Make up you own sentences using the words from exercise IV and phrases from vocabulary notes

VI. Find the following words in the text “Cell Division” and explain their meanings. Then select the synonyms of these words from the list below. Explain the difference between the synonyms using a dictionary

condense, __________, __________, __________;

disperse, __________, __________, __________;

fine, __________, __________, __________;

hollow, __________, __________, __________;

split, __________, __________, __________.

Break, abridge, empty, slender, compress, spread, vacant, crack, diffuse, little, void, separate, minute, contract, scatter.

VII. Fill in the spaces in the sentences below with the words from exercise VII

1. During cold nights, air _____ on the grass to form dew.

2. I hate coming home to an _____ house late at night.

3. The _____ edition of the encyclopaedia is widely used in smaller general libraries, specifically school libraries and small public libraries.

4. Her eyes were _____ of all expression.

5. Mandy was tall, _____ and very fair with long golden hair.

6. At this point the satellite _____ from its launcher.

7. The walls are made of _____ concrete blocks.

8. Rutherford first _____ the atom on 3rd January 1919.

9. When the muscle is triggered by nerve stimuli, the calcium ions are released, making the muscle _____.

10. Serum is placed into a circular-well area and allowed to _____ into the agar forming antigen antibody complexes.

11. Scuba divers used cylinders of _____ air.

12. Cholera is _____ through the refugee camps at an alarming rate.

13. Scientists are now able to measure _____ distinctions between levels of sleep depth.

14. She fell downstairs and _____ her leg.

15. Only _____ amounts of the chemical were found in the water supply.

16. Do not put boiling water in the glass or it will _____.

17. If you're looking for somewhere to rent, I think there's a _____ apartment in my building.

GRAMMAR IN USE