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Vocabulary notes

in spite of something (= despite something) – незважаючи на

depend (up)on – залежати від

in order to (do something) – для того, щоб

interfere with – перешкоджати, втручатися

III. Use the phrases from the vocabulary notes in the sentences of your own

IV. Answer the following questions about the text “Cell as a Basic Unit of Life”

1. What experiments can prove that the cell is the smallest unit capable of sustaining life?

2. What is the size of a typical cell?

3. What functions do cells need to perform in order to survive?

4. How many basic types of cell organization do we distinguish?

5. What are the main distinctive characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

6. In what ways are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic ones?

V. Fill in the following table with synonyms (from list a) and opposites (from list b) of the given words. Explain the difference between the synonyms and illustrate it using your own examples

word

synonym

opposites

achieve, v

entire, adj

regenerate, v

---------

extend, v

obtain, v

exhibit, v

regard, v

minute, adj

convert, v

---------

precise, adj

successive, adj

---------

A: accomplish; accurate; acquire; change; complete; consider; display; exact; following; get; microscopic; protrude; reach; renew; reproduce; show; stick out; subsequent; tiny; transform; view; whole.

B: conceal; contract; disregard; enormous; fail; forgo; hide; huge; incomplete; inexact; lose (x2); neglect; partial; shorten; vague.

VI. Explain the difference between the words in each group below

1. Rise, raise, arise. 2. Distinct, distinctive.

VII. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the words from the previous exercise putting them in the appropriate forms

  1. In the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin noted how species on the various islands were similar but _______ from one another.

  2. A full moon _______ over the valley.

  3. Creating animals with genetic defects _______ challenging ethical questions.

  4. The chairman _______ from his chair and came forward to greet her.

  5. As night fell, the outline of the mountain became less _______.

  6. The concert has been organized to _______ money for charity.

  7. When a conflict _______ in the workplace, you should aim to repair the relationship as quickly as possible.

  8. The most _______ feature of the building is its enormous dome-shaped roof.

  9. Ambitious people often _______ to the top in their chosen professions.

  10. Most of the world's people, including Americans, get the bulk of their food from crops and livestock _______ in areas where they did not originate.

  11. Different species _______ when, for one reason or another, members of a population cease to interbreed.

  12. His sister _______ horses in Colorado.

  13. Male birds of this species have _______ blue and yellow markings.

  14. Low achievements at school often _____ from poverty and bad social conditions.

  15. In evolution successful creatures possess a perfecting principle, that enables them to _______ to meet the demands of their world.

  16. I have a _______ memory of my grandma sitting in the rocking chair, knitting.

  17. _______ your hand if you know the right answer.

GRAMMAR IN USE: WORD FORMATION 2