Грамматический материал тема «Причастие»

1. Изучение теоретического материала с предоставлением конспекта по следующим пунктам:

а) общие сведения

b) образование форм причастия

c) употребление причастий

d) особенности перевода причастий на русский язык

1. Литература: Качалова, К.Н., Израилевич, Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка / К. Н.  Качалова, Е. Е.  Израилевич. — М. : Высш. шк. , 1997. — 430 с.

с. 276- 297

2. Хведченя, Л. В.  Грамматика англ. яз. / Л. В.  Хведченя. — Мн. , 2011. — 480 с.

с. 368-380

2. Письменное выполнение упражнений.

Ex. 1. Paraphrase the following word combinations according to the model. Translate them into Russsian.

Model: a) a dancing girl= a girl who is dancing (or dances)

b) an increased population = population that has been increased

a) a smiling girl (смеющаяся девочка) = a girl who smiles (is playing) (девочка, которая улыбается), playing children (играющие дети) = children who are playing (дети, которые играют), a writing boy (пишущий мальчик) = a boy who is writing (мальчик, который пишет), a laughing baby (смеющийся ребенок) = a baby who is laughing (ребенок, который смеется), a sleeping man (спящий мужчина) = a man who is sleeping (мужчина, который спит), singing birds (поющие птицы) = birds that are singing (птицы, которые поют), a walking couple (прогуливающаяся пара) = a couple which is walking (пара, которая прогуливается), reading audience (читающая аудитория) = audience that reads (аудитория, которая читает), a running sportsman (бегущий спортсмен) = a sportsmen who is running (спортсмен, который бежит), a crying child (плачущий ребенок) = a child which is crying (дитя, которое плачет), a burning house (пылающий дом) = a house that is burning (дом, который пылает), the rising sun (восходящее солнце) = the sun that rises (солнце, что восходит), running water (бегущая вода) = water that runs (вода, которая бежит), a flying plane (летящий самолет) = a plane that is flying (самолет ,который летит), a smoking person (курильщик) = a person who is smoking (человек, который курит), a falling tree (упавшее дерево) = a tree which has been falled (дерево, которое упало), caring parents (заботящиеся родители) = parents that carries (родители, которые заботятся.

b) a broken cup (разбитая чашка) = a cup that was broken (чашка, которая была разбита), a translated text (переведенный текст) = a text which is translated by smb (текст, который кем-то переведен), an unlocked door (незакрытая (на ключ) дверь) = a door that is unlocked (дверь, которая не заперта), an occupied room (занятая комната) = a room that is occupied (комната которая занята), a posted letter (посланное письмо) = a letter which is posted (письмо, которое послано), produced goods (произведенные товары) = goods that are produced (продукты, которые произведены), a surprised face (удивленное выражение лица) = a face which was surprised (лицо, которое было удивлено), a typed report (набранный отчет) = a report that was typed (отчет, который был набран (кем-то)), an unexpected visitor (нежданный гость) = a visitor who was not expected (гость ,которого не ждали), roasted coffee (растворимый кофе) = coffee which is roistered (кофе, который растворим), fried man (поджарый мужчина) = a man who was fried (мужчина, который был зажарен), smoked bacon (копченый бекон) = bacon that is smoked (бекон, который прокопчен), a lost key (потерянный ключ) = a key that is lost (ключ, что потерян), a frightened boy (напуганный мальчик) = a boy who is frightened (мальчик, что испугался), a long-forgotten story (незабываемая история) = a story that will not be forgotten (история, которую не забудут), a well-acted play (хорошо сыгранная пьеса) = a play that was acted very well (пьеса, что была сыграна очень хорошо), a carefully-planned project (тщательно спланированный проект) = a project which was carefully-planned (проект, что был тщательно спланирован.

Ex. 2. Change the Present Participle where possible. Translate into Russian.

Model: the rising moon – the risen moon

A developing (развивающаяся) country = a developed (развитая) country, approaching (приближающаяся) car, a dying (умирающий) soldier = died soldier, falling (падающие) leaves = falled leaves, a vanishing (исчезающая) civilization = a vanished civilization, a burning (горящий) house = burned house, an amusing (забавная) person, a retiring (увольняющийся, уходящий на пенсию) officer = a retired officer, a closing (закрывающаяся) door = a closed door, changing (изменяющиеся) winds, protecting (защищающие) laws, approaching (приближающийся) man, a falling (падающая) rock = falled rock, a growing (растущее) number of unemployed.

Ex. 3. Change the following sentences using Present and Past Participles attributively.

Model: The man who is reading a book is my father. – The man reading a book is my father.

1. I took the newspaper which was lying on the table – I took lying on the table nespaper. 2. The house which is being built opposite my house is a modern nine-storied building – The building house is a modern nine-stored building. 3. The pupil who is being asked by the teacher is Pavlov – The asking pupil is Pavlov. 4. The boy who’s sitting in the corner is my cousin – The sitting boy is my cousin. 5. I used to tell all my troubles to Mr. Wink, our neighbour who lived the next door I always tell all my problems to living next door man – Mr. Wink. 6. When I was walking home I saw a man who was following me – When I was walking home I saw the following man. 7. Passengers, who are flying to London, go to Gate 3, please – Flying to London Passengers, go to gate 3, please. 8. A plane crashed into the sea yesterday. It was carrying 28 passengers – Carrying 28 passengers plain was crashed yesterday . 9. Some paintings were stolen from the palace. They belong to the Queen Some of belonging Queen paintings were stolen. 10. Historians study and describe the historic events which take place in different epochs and in different countries – Historians always study taking different place in epochs events.

Ex. 4. Change the following sentences using Present and Past Participles attributively.

Model: I like this city. It is located on the bank of the river. – I like this city located on the bank of the river.

1. The great majority of examples which are included in this book are pure patterns of spoken English. = The great majority of examples included in this book are pure patterns of spoken English 2. This book must be returned on the date which is marked below = This book must be returned on the marked below date. 3. Joan had enormous black eyes which were framed with velvet lashes and eyebrows = Joan had enormous framed black with velvet lashes and eyebrows eyes. 4. I have a letter for you which was received two days ago = I have two days ago received letter for you. 5. In their college, as well as in ours, the students have lots of exams which are held at the end of each term = In their college, as well as in ours, the students have lots of helded at the end of each term exams. 6. There will be a lot of participants at the conference that will be held in May = There will be a lot of participants at the helded in May conference

7. These houses were built many years ago. They are not as convenient as modern ones = The built many years ago houses are not as convenient as modern ones . 8. Follow the instruction which is given at the top of the page = Follow the given at the top of the page instruction. 9. The car which is parked in front of the house is mine = The parked in front of the house car is mine. 10. The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals. = The sold in this shop vegetables are grown without chemicals.

Ex. 5. Join the pairs of sentences, using Participle I as an adverbial modifier of time.

Model: She finished her work. Then she went home. – Having finished her work, she went home.

1. She looked out of the window. She saw the neighbour’s children planting a tree. = Loking out of the window, she saw the neighbour’s children planting a tree 2. John was working at his English. He was interrupted several times. = Working at his English, John was interrupted several times 3. After he was through with his classes he used to play chess with his father. = After Throughing his classes he used to play chess with his father 4. After they had visited the museum they decided to have a cup of tea = After visiting the museum, they have a cup of tea . 5. When we arrived at the station we didn’t find anybody to meet us = After arriving at the station we didn’t find anybody to meet us. 6. I came back from the club and fell asleep at once = After coming back from the club I fell asleep at once. 7. I had looked through the fashion magazine. I realized that my clothes were out of date. = Looking through the fashion magazine, I realized that my clothes were out of date. 8. I fed the dog. I sat down to my own dinner = Fedding the dog, I sat down on my own dinner. 9. I was watching television. Then I fell asleep = Watching TV, I fell asleep. 10. Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm = Playing the tennis, Jim hurt his arm.

Ex. 6. Change the sentences using Passive form of the Participles in the adverbial clauses.

Model: If he were given an opportunity he would make a good pianist. – (If) given an opportunity he would make a good pianist.

1. If he is given time he will make the first class chess-player = Given time he will make the first class chess-player. 2. When he was asked for help, he refused = Asking for help, he was refused. 3. When she was questioned, Irene smiled tolerantly = Questioned Irene smiled tolerantly. 4. Though he was hurt by her attitude he didn’t show it. = Hurt by her attitude he didn`t show it. 5. When the boy was left to himself, he took the toys and began to play. = Left to himself, boy took toys and play. 6. If the picture is seen from this angle, it looks rather good. = Seen from this angle picture looks rather good. 7. If you treat it gently, the fabric should serve for years. = Treated it gently the fabric serve for years. 8. If you are taken to this job, you will be informed soon. = Taken to this job you would be informed. 9. When she was told the price, she put the shirt back in its place = If she told price, she put shirt back in its place. 10. Though Pete was hurt by her attitude, he didn’t show it = if Pete is hurt he wouldn`t show it.

Ex. 7. Complete the sentences using Objective-with-the-Present-Participle construction.

1. Last time I saw him …going towards (to go towards) the riverbank. 2. Did you hear voices … calling (to call) for help? 3. When Mary opened her eyes she saw Nina … standing (to stand) by her side. 4. Can you feel something … burning (to burn)? She liked to see him … digging and planting (to dig and to plant). 6. He found them … sitting together and talking peacefully (to sit together and to talk peacefully). 7. She felt her voice … trembling (to tremble) and tried to control herself. 8. Ann watched him … passing (to pass) the gate and … walking (to walk) down the street. 9. I saw him … putting (to put) his case right here. 10. Larry felt his heart … overflowing (to overflow) with love to his family.

O_o The key: 1) going towards; 2) calling; 3) standing; 4) burning; 5) digging and planting; 6) sitting together and talking peacefully; 7) trembling; 8) passing, walking; 9) putting; 10) overflowing.

Ex. 8. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use Objective-with-the-Present-Participle construction.

Model: Tom got into the car and drove away. I saw this. – I saw Tom getting into his car and driving away.

1. Yesterday he saw Ann. She was waiting for a bus.= Yesterday he saw Ann waiting for a bus 2. He was walking along the street. I saw him when I was driving in my car. = I saw him walking along the street when I was driving. 3. I turned round suddenly. Somebody called my name. I heard it. = I herd smb calling my name, so I turned round suddenly. 4. The old man was telling his story from the beginning to the end. We listened to him. = We listened the old man telling his story from the beginning to end. 5. Listen, a baby is crying. Can you hear? Can you hear crying baby? 6. The coffee was boiling in the kitchen. Through the open door I could smell it. = I could smell boiling coffee through the open door. 7. Something exploded outside. I heard it. = I heard smth exploding. 8. The building shook. I felt it and couldn’t believe it. = I coudn`t believe that I felt how building shooking. 9. People were shouting. I heard. = I heard shouting people. 10. The police arrived. I saw them. = I saw arriving police.

Ex. 9. Use the proper form of the of the Subjective Participial construction.

Model: The car was heard … (to approach). – The car was heard approaching.

1. He was seen … looking (to look) through the books in the library. 2. The air was felt … (to grow) growing colder. 3. She was found … (to warm) warming herself by the fire. 4. Several boys were seen … (to ride) riding the horse across the field. 5. They were heard … (to argue) arguing in the terrace a few minutes ago. 6. When I rang the bell a dog could be heard … (to bark) barking in the hall. 7. They were heard … (to talk) talking together. 8. Every day he could be seen … (to work) working in the garden. 9. The baby was seldom heard … (to cry) crying. 10. Smoke could be seen … (to rise) rising from the village.

Ex. 10. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. The door and window of the vacant room being open, we looked in. 2. This duty completed, he had three months leave. 3. It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. 4. I don’t know the girl sitting in the corner. 5. Knowing English well, he translated the text without a dictionary. 6. He sat in the arm-chair reading a book. 7. Having finished the translation he typed it. 8. The student being asked now is Borisov. 9. The answer received from him greatly surprised me. 10. Given the book only yesterday he was not able to read it.

1. Дверь и окно свободной комнаты были открыты, мы заглянули внутрь.

2. Это задание (обязанность, долг) выполнено. Мы потратили 3 месяца на выполнение.

3. Было достаточно поздно и мы взяли свечи и пошли наверх.

4. Мне не знакома (я не знаю) девушка, сидящая в углу.

5. Т.к. он знал английский хорошо, то мог переводить тексты без словаря.

6. Он сидел в кресле, читая книгу.

7. Закончив с переводом он напечатал его.

8. Студент, которого сейчас спрашивают, - Борисов.

9. Ответ, полученный от нее, сильно меня удивил.

10. Получив книгу только вчера он не имел возможности прочесть ее.