10. Describe types of brainstorming.

Brainstorming is a way of gathering ideas about a topic.

Three types of brainstorming:

• making a list

• freewriting

• mapping

1. Making a list

Follow this procedure:

1. Write down the general topic at the top of your paper.

2. Then make a list of every idea that comes into your mind about that topic. Keep the ideas flowing. Try to stay on the general topic; however, if you write down information that is completely off the topic, don’t worry about it because you can cross it out later.

3. Use words, phrases, sentences, and don’t worry about spelling or grammar.

2. Freewriting is a brainstorming activity in which you write freely about a topic because you are looking for a specific focus. While you are writing one idea spark another idea. As with listing, the purpose of freewriting is to generate as many ideas as possible and to write them down without worrying about appropriateness, grammar, spelling, logic or organization. Remember, the more you freewrite, the more ideas you will have. Don’t despair if your mind seems to “run dry”. Just keep your pencil moving.

Follow this procedure:

1. Write the topic at the top of your paper.

2. Write as much as you can about the topic until you run out of ideas. Include such supporting items as facts, details, and examples that come into your mind about the subject.

3. After you have run out of ideas, reread your paper and circle the main idea(s) that you would like to develop.

4. Take that main idea and freewrite again.

3. Mapping/ Clustering

in the center of your paper, write your topic and draw a balloon around it. Then write whatever ideas come to your mind in these balloons.

11. How writing is different from speaking?

12. What is difference between an authentic writing task and an inauthentic one?

Authentic writing activities are those in which students are asked to express their thoughts, share their ideas, or describe things from their lives or experience. Authentic writing comes from within the stu- dent. In this way also, every student can experience success. For example, if you ask a student to describe what he or she likes to do on weekends, every child can do this. Some may need to use more pictures than words, but every child can use print to create meaning.

Inauthentic writing activities are those in which students are asked to express other people’s ideas, to write things that they don’t necessarily want to say, or to use writing to organize or explain somebody else’s thoughts or experiences. This occurs when students are asked to write a report on a subject somebody else has chosen for them or to do a book re- port in order to prove that they’ve read the book.

13) What are the guidelines for evaluating writing?

__F___When evaluating writing teachers should respond to the mechanics first, then on content.

__F___When evaluating writing teachers should respond positively but not personally.

__T___To make evaluation of the writing process a less painful procedure for students, the teacher can focus on one aspect only, e.g. spelling mistakes or mistakes on tenses.

14) вопроса нет. См. Controlled writing vs. guided writing (Power point presentation)

15) TTT/STT=30/70