1.8. Вивчення тексту за фахом. Апаратне забезпечення. Пристрої виводу інформації (монітор, принтер)

Тема	Hardware: output devises
Граматика	Активний і пасивний стан дієслова.

Вправа 1

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Hardware and software

All computers consists of hardware. This includes the compute itself and all the other related physicals devices. The other pieces of the computer system includes software, the instructions that tell the computer what tasks to perform ; data, the information the computer works on ; and you , the user.

All computers use the same basic techniques for carrying out the tasks we give. The computer tasks in data through input devices, it manipulates the data according to its instructions, it outputs the results of processing, and it stores data for later use. These four processes together are known as the computing cycle.

Input is the process of entering date into the computer. The most common device used for input on microcomputers is the keyboard. Computer keyboards include many special command and function keys to perform specialized input tasks. Other input devices include a mouse, which manipulates a pointer on the computer screen for giving commands and entering data. ; a scanner, which reads graphic images and pages of texts and sends them to computer; a modem which receives data over phone lines; and several other devices.

Data in a computer is processed by the microprocessor and its associated integrated circuit chips. Microprocessors perform all calculations and manipulations necessary to transform data into meaningful information. Associated with the processor is the computer's memory which is used for storing data and programs while they're being used by the processor.

Getting processed data out of the computer is the job of output devices. The computer can display the data on a monitor screen, of which are several types: color or monochrome, flat-panel or picture tube, desktop or portable. You can also send data to a printer or plotter to make a paper copy, use the modem to send the data over a phone line to another computer.

What do you do if you want to keep the data into a permanent form? That's what storage devices are for. Storage devices hold data permanently, so you can save it and retrieve it later. All microcomputers use disks to store data magnetically. Floppy discs are used for easy, portable storage, and built-in hard disks are used for more permanent storage of larger amounts of data and programs for fast access. Other common storage devices include optical discs(CD-ROM) and magnetic tape.

A program is a group of instructions that tell the processing devices what to do. Software can be a single program or a set of programs that work together. Two types of software are necessary to make the computer capable of performing useful work. They are operating system and application software. The operating system contains basic instructions that tell the CPU how to use other hardware devices, where to find programs and how to load and keep track of programs in memory. For the computer to perform useful tasks , it needs application software in addition to the operating system. An application is a job that a computer can perform, such as creating text documents, manipulating sets of numbers, creating graphics images, and communicating with other computers. The six most common types of application software are

• Word processing software

• Graphics software

• Desktops publishing software

• Spreadsheet software

• Database management software

• Communications software

Application software is what makes a computer a tool for performing the tasks we most often need to complete at school, at home, or at office.

Вправа 2

Знайдіть відповідність слів з колонок:

a)	physical devices	1. кольоровий екран
b)	to perform the task	2. ввод данных
c)	basic techniques	3. пересылать информацию
d)	hardware	4. физические устройства
e)	software	5. память комп.
f)	entering data	6. главные технологии
g)	computers memory	7. программное обеспечение
h)	monochrome screen	8. выполнить задачу
i)	color screen	9. аппаратное обеспечение
j)	permanent form	10. совокупность микросхем
k)	to send information	11.главний процессор
1)	to store information	12.постоянная форма
m)	circuit chips	13. черно-белый экран
n)	Central processing Unit	14.сохранять информацию.

Вправа 3

Виразіть згоду чи незгоду з твердженням:

1. Hardware includes a group of instructions that tell the computer what to do.

2. Input is the process of calculations and manipulations with data.

3. The most common input devices is the keyboard.

4. A scanner receives data over phone lines.

5. A modem sends the data over a phone line to another computer.

6. There is only flat-panel monitor screen.

1. Screen hold permanent data, you can't save the information and retrieve it later after turning off the computer.

7. Built-in hard discs are used for more permanent storage of larger amounts of data .

Вправа 4

Дайте повні відповіді на питання:

1. What are the main constituents of the computer?

2. What is hardware? What does it include?

3. Name the input devices?

4. What is a keyboard?

5. With what purpose do we use modem and scanner?

6. What is microprocessor and what does it perform?

7. Name all the output devices?

8. What types of monitor screen do you know?

9. Haw can be the date stored?

10. What is Software?

1. Name 2 types of Software that are necessary to make the computer capable of performing useful work?

11. What is application?

12. What are the 6 most common types of application software?

Вправа 5

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