17. Ввчення професійної лексики. Computer jargon
(Computer jargon must be distinguished from hacker slang, which is the language of a certain subculture of people involved with computers.)
CAD - Computer Aided Design; particular software design program, esp. architectural
CLI - Command Line Interface. A type of UI consisting of a text prompt to which you give commands.
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check; a specific type of checksum added data that can be used to verify that the data was received without bits being dropped during transimisson or storage/retrival. The calculation is done, serially, on the data using a polynomial which is selected to maximize the probability that any change in the data will be detected.
ENIAC - the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer. Arguably, the first all electronic digital computer started in 1943 and finished in 1946. Some claim that Goliath really was the first, but ENIAC has the best press agent.
Gesture recognition - interpreting body movements into text, as a command (recognizing handwriting, signlanguage, etc)
Facemail - a method of communication involving a face-to-face discussion. Becoming extinct.
FIFO - First in, first out. This is a way of processing queues.
GIGO - Garbage in garbage out. A reply to the explanation "The computer made an error."
GOMS - Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules; hard science approach to HCI developed by Card, Moran & Newell in spelled out in their book "The Psychology of Human Computer Interaction, 1983.
GUI - Graphical User Interface; A desktop-like interface that usually contains icons, menus and windows and allows you to multi-task. Invented by Xerox but since "borrowed" by industry giants Microsoft and Apple.
Hypertext - gives the reader control instead of the author; allows user to jump around from source to source; linkages between texts.
ID10T error - A way technical support people use to describe a less-than-competent user. The characters resemble the word "Idiot".
Interface - parts of the computer that we work with; two different subsystems transmitting one piece of information to another;give and take of information
KISS - Keep It Simple Stupid. Rule of thumb for software designers and network administrators - to minimize dispersion and error proneness, keep your designs small.
LIFO - Last in first out. This is one way of processing stacks.
MMI - Man Machine Interface.
Nanotechnology - cellular, microscopic, level of technology
Newbie - (Also n00b and newb) a newcomer to a certain computer topic or program, usually seeking out help from more experienced users.
Novice - a computer user that actually knows nothing, but boasts that they can figure it out.
PEBCAK - "Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard". Refers to a non-existent computer problem that is actually just incompetence by the user. Allegedly, some users have ignorantly but helpfully told each level of technical support that the previous level "suspected a PEBCAK situation."
Provisioning - Provisioning can be defined as the process of expediting all the tasks between receiving a request for a service (for example: access to a web-enabled application from a potential customer) and making that service available to the customer.
RTFM - Read The Fine/F***ing Manual. Common answer to basic and often repeated questions, that could be avoided in the first place just by looking at the manual.
Safe / regular / atomic semantics - different guarantee levels for shared data
STFW - Search The Fine/F***ing Web. Common answer to basic and often repeated questions, that could be avoided in the first place just by searching for an answer on the web.
Treeware - paper version of something. As in, Bill Gates is reading the TreeWare version of the New York Times.
UI - User Interface, a way of controlling a computer or device. Can be graphical (see GUI) or not.
User-Friendly - The degree to which a computer user interface is adapted to interaction with human usage behavior
Wetware - a sentient organic being. Usually used for humans, but with an implicit wider scope.
Widget - objects that make up interfaces, i.e. mouse, menus, textbox, buttons; basic tools and objects.
WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get (but not very often!) Most is WYSIAYG (...All You Get!).
С.Р.№19: Перклад та вивчення мовленнєвих зразків за фахом.
Vertical:
Large, powerful, general purpose computers with a wide range of output, input, processing
The largest, fastest and the most powerful computer
The smallest kind of computers. Usually are used at home.
How many generations of computers do you know?
How many main types of memory does microcomputer have?
Horizontal:
Is a smaller version of mainframe, it is usually used in small organizations and can be operated by a few people. It may have 50 terminals and a few printers.
Where is supercomputer usually used?
The main reason of computer invention.
How many main groups are computers divided into?
Different information
MATHEMATICS
Arithmetic
I.
Arithmetic is the elementary branch of mathematics dealings with the properties of number and their operation.
The fundamental operation are addition, subtraction, multiplication,division.
The arithmetic symbols now in use were derived from the Arabs and the Hindus.
In writing and reading numbcr,the figures are separated into groups of three figures each,called periods.
This periods contain the hundreds, tens,and units of each denomination.
In reading number expressed by 3 figures,the tens are read after the hundreds,and the units after the tens without the word "and".
745 is read 'seven hundred forty-five".
609 is read "six hundred nine".
673,210,040,385,861 is read "six hundred seventy-three trillion, two hundred ten billion, forty million,three hundred eight-five thousand, eight hundred sixty-one.
II. The Roman system uses seven capital letter to express numbers: Letter: IYXLCDM
Value: 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 XC-HEorty (fifty minus ten) 1-1 XI-11 XXIV-24 CD-400 II-2 XII-12 XXIX-29 D-500 III-3 XI1I-13 XXX-30 M-1000 IV-4 XIV-14 XL-40 MMM-3000 V-5 XV-15 L-50 VI-6 XVI-16 LX-60 VII-7 XVII-17 LXXX-80 VIII-8 XVIII-18 XC-90 IX-9 XIX-19 C-100 X-10 XX-20 CC-200 CCC-300 |
It'
III. In 3x=21
X is unknown number.
So, unknown number is a number whose value is
To be found.
SIGNS
The sign of addition is (+), read "plus" A+B, means that В is to be added to A The sign of Substraction is (-), read "minus" A-B, means that В is to be substracted from A The sign of multiplication is (*), read "multiplied" A * B, mean that a is to be multiplied by В
The sings of division is (/) read "divided by"
A/B, means that A is to be divided by В
The sign of equality is (=), read "is equal to or "equals"
FRACTIONS
A fraction is expressed by two number, one called the numerator, written above a line, and the qther-the denominator, written below the line. The fraction A/B is read "a divided by B"
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
(+) -ADDITION,PLUS
(-) -SUBTRACTION, MINUS
(*) -MULTIPLICATION
(/) -DIVISION
(<) -LESS THAT
(>) -GREATEDTHAT
В -APPROXIMATELY EQUAL
H -EQUALS
( ) -SQUARE ROOT
( ) -CUBE ROOT
( ) -THE Nth POWER OF a
( ) -PARANTHESE
( ) -BRACKETS
( ) -BRACES