Products and organization

Microsoft sells a wide range of software products. Many of these products were developed internally, such as Microsoft Basic. Some products were acquired and rebranded by Microsoft for distribution, including Microsoft Project, a project management package; Visio, a charting package; DoubleSpace; and MS-DOS itself, the basis for the company's success.

In April 2002, Microsoft reorganized into seven core business units, each with its own financial reporting to delegate responsibility and more closely track the performance of each unit. These business units are:

• Windows Client (managing the Windows client, server, and embedded operating systems)

• Information Worker (managing the office software products)

• Microsoft Business Solutions (managing the business services and process applications)

• Server and Tools (managing developer tools and integrated server software)

• Mobile and Embedded Devices (managing palmtop and phone devices)

• MSN (managing web-based services)

• Home and Entertainment (managing consumer hardware and software)

The future of Microsoft

The next version of Windows in development is code-named Longhorn, which will be an extension of and improvement on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. Planned features include better interaction with both the user and other devices (such as media players) and an enhanced user interface (Aero). Longhorn was initially to ship during 2003, but has since slipped to 2006.

15. MS – DOS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

(Redirected from MS-DOS Batch File PRogramming)

command.com.

command.com is the name for the default operating system shell (or command line interpreter) for DOS and some versions of Windows. It also has an additional role, as the first program run after boot, hence being responsible for setting up the system as specified in the config.sys and autoexec.bat configuration files, and being the ancestor of all processes.

As a shell, command.com has two distinct modes of work. First is the interactive mode, in which the user types commands which are then executed immediately. The second is the batch mode, which executes a predefined sequence of commands stored as a text file with the extension .bat. Its function as the default command interpreter is analogous to that of the Unix shells, although command.com's functionality is considerably more limited than that of its Unix counterparts.

Syntax

That this section does not try to give a full overview to the syntax of command.com, but rather serve as an overview and a mnemonic for the most common and interesting features. All commands are run only after the Enter key is pressed at the end of the line. command.com is case-insensitive, meaning commands can be typed in either case and are all equivalent (so dir, DIR and DiR will all work in the same way).

Filesystem commands

In accordance with command.com's main function as an operating system shell, it includes a number of built-in commands for working with files.

In order to run a program, simply type the name of its executable and then press "Enter" (it is not necessary to use the extension, e.g. nc.exe can be summoned simply as nc). In order to change the current working drive (see Drive letter assignment), type its letter followed by a colon (D:). Other filesystem commands include:

DIR 

Lists the files in the current directory

CD, CHDIR 

Changes the current working directory or displays the currect directory. CD is best since it is shorter.

COPY 

Copies one file to another (if the destination file already exists, MS-DOS asks whether to replace it). (See also XCOPY, an external command that could also copy directory trees)

MOVE 

The same as COPY, but removes the original afterwards. (MS-DOS 6 and higher).

DEL, ERASE, DELETE 

Deletes a file. DEL is best since it is the shortest. (See also DELTREE, an external command which can delete entire directory trees)

MD, MKDIR 

Create a new directory

RD, RMDIR 

Removes an empty directory