2.4. Вивчення тексту за фахом. Розвиток комп’ютерної пам’яті

Тема	Hardware: output devises
Граматика	Активний і пасивний стан дієслова.

Вправа 1

Дайте відповіді на питання:

What foreign language do

Task 1

Write down, read and learn the words and word combinations.

1 capability	здатність
2 grid	сітка, решітка
3 intersection	перетин
4 ferrite	феритовий
5 core memory	оперативна пам’ять
6 semiconductor memory	напівпровідникова пам'ять
7 retain	Утримувати, зберігати
8 bubble memory	УМД- пам’ять
9 internal storage medium	внутрішній пристрій для запам’ятовування
10 storage location	середовище для збереження інформації
11 program counter	лічильник команд
12 primary(secondary) storage	первинний(вторинний) пристрій для запам’ятовування
13 magnetic drum 14 concentric tracks 15 density 16 magnetic coating 17 seal 18 drive unit 19 medium 20 floppy disk	магнітний барабан концентричні доріжки концентрація магнітне покриття ізоляція привод, вузол приводу середовище дискета

Task 2

Read and translate the text “Development of computer memories

Task 3

Answer the questions orally.

1. What is the most important characteristic of a computer?

2. What memory did the first computers have?

3. What is core memory?

4. What does magnetic bubble memory store? How?

5. When is the term “memory” usually used?

6. What is the floppy disk? How does it store the information?

7. What is a Winchester disk?

8. What is the difference between the floppy disk and the Winchester disk?

Task 4

Computer storage

The terms "storage" (U.K.) or "memory" (U.S.) refer to the parts of a digital computer that retain physical state (data) for some interval of time, possibly even after electrical power to the computer is turned off. The anthropomorphic term memory has been used in the U.S. ever since the 20th century.

Different types and different purposes

There are many ways in which types of memory (fast access) or storage (slower access) can be categorised. These include the following technologies:

• primary access from the CPU or secondary (indirect) access by the CPU, which was based primarily on speed of access to the memory.

• volatile or non-volatile, which is based on the technology (magnetic vs. electrical, etc.)

• read-only memory, WORM, or read-write, again based on technology.

• Random-Access or Sequential-Access, which is based on the mechanism of reading the memory.

• Mutable vs. Immutable storage

• Block or File access

• media categories, e.g., semiconductor storage, optical storage,phase change,magneto-optical storage, and magnetic storage, which is mainly disk-based, rather than memory-based.

Historically, "memory" referred to "magnetic core memory" in the 1950s, and then to semiconductor-based storage in the 1970s, at a time when the fastest response times were for magnetic core, and then for semiconductor memory, respectively. The evolution of usage can be glimpsed in the history of computing hardware, as the costs of the various technologies declined.

Each type of storage is suited for different purposes, and most computers contain several types: primary, secondary, and volatile.