2.2. Вивчення тексту за фахом. Центральний процесор

Тема	Central processing unit
Граматика	Активний і пасивний стан дієслова.

Пасивний стан дієслова. Passive voice.

PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
INDEFINITE
To be asked
A m Is asked are	Was asked Were	Will be asked
Am I asked? I am not asked	Was I asked? I was not asked	Will I be asked? I will not be asked
CONTINUOUS
(to be being asked)
A m Is being asked are	Was being asked Were	- Замість відсутньої форми Future Continuous використовується форма Future Indefinite
Am I being asked? I am not being asked	Was I being asked? I was not being asked
PERFECT
To have been asked
Have been asked Has been asked	Had been asked	Will have been asked
Have I been asked? I have not been asked	Had I been asked? I had not been asked	Will I have been asked? I will not have been asked
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Замість відсутніх часів групи Perfect Continuous використовуються відповідні часи групи Perfect.

Вправа 1

Прочитайте текст та випишіть незнайому лексику з тексту. Перекладіть виписану з тексту лексику, вивчіть її. Перекладіть текст:

Central processing unit

The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of a computer that interprets and carries out the instructions contained in the software. In most CPUs, this task is divided between a control unit that directs program flow and one or more execution units that perform operations on data. Almost always, a collection of registers is included to hold operands and intermediate results.

When every part of a CPU is on a single physical integrated circuit, it is called a microprocessor. Practically all CPUs manufacturered today are microprocessors.

The term CPU is often used vaguely to include other centrally important parts of a computer such as caches and input/output controllers, especially when those functions are on the same microprocessor chip as the CPU.

Manufacturers of desktop computers often erroneously describe the entire personal computer (the system unit or sometimes white box including the computer case and the computer hardware it contains) as the CPU. Rather, the CPU, as a functional unit, is that part of the computer which actually executes the instructions (add, subtract, shift, fetch, etc.).

A family of CPU designs is often referred to as a CPU architecture.

Notable CPU architectures include:

Intel's x86 architecture

Intel's 8051 architecture

MOS Technology's 6502 architecture

Zilog's z80 architecture

IBM's System/360 architecture

DEC's PDP-11 architecture, and its successor, the VAX architecture

Motorola's 68000 architecture

Sun Microsystems's SPARC architecture

MIPS Computer Systems Inc.'s MIPS architecture

HP's PA-RISC architecture

DEC's Alpha architecture

The AIM Alliance's PowerPC architecture

The Advanced RISC Machines (originally Acorn) ARM and StrongARM/XScale architectures

SuperH's SuperH architecture

UNIVAC 1100/2200 series architecture (currently supported by Unisys ClearPath IX computers)

1750A, the U.S.'s military standard computer.

AP-101, the space shuttle's computer

Emerging new CPU architectures include:

Intel's Itanium architecture

AMD's x86-64 architecture

IBM's Power 5 architecture

Historically important CPUs have been:

EDSAC- the first practical stored-program computer

Apollo Guidance Computer, used in the moon flights

Types of CPUs

The above processor architectures could also be characterized by their CPU design like register size. Today most desktop computers and laser printers have 32-bit processors; 64-bit processors are being phased in. Smaller devices like mobile phones, PDAs, or portable video game devices may have 16 or 8-bit processors. Embedded systems such as microwave ovens, calculators, computer keyboards, and infrared remote controls typically have 8-bit or 4-bit processors.

Вправа 2

Складіть анотацію до тексту. Запишіть її у зошит. Перекажіть текст згідно анотації.

Вправа 3

Дайте визначення англійською мовою до термінів:

The CPU , a control unit , execution unit, a microprocessor

Вправа 4

Доповніть речення пропущеними словами:

a) directs, b) is divided, c) the part of a computer, d) microwave ovens, e) perform, f) a single physical integrated circuit, g) is often used, h) is called, i) microprocessors, j) have, k) caches and input/output controllers, l) laser printers, m) microprocessor chip, n) are being phased, o) is often referred, p) may have, q) mobile phones, r) the instructions, s) to include

1. The central processing unit (CPU) is …. that interprets and carries out ….. contained in the software.

2. In most CPUs, this task …. between a control unit that …. program flow and one or more execution units that …. operations on data.

3. When every part of a CPU is on …. , it …. a microprocessor.

4. Practically all CPUs manufacturered today are …..

5. The term CPU …. vaguely …. other centrally important parts of a computer such as …. , especially when those functions are on the same …. as the CPU.

6. A family of CPU designs ….. to as a CPU architecture.

7. Today most desktop computers and …. have 32-bit processors; 64-bit processors …. in.

8. Smaller devices like …. , PDAs, or portable video game devices …. 16 or 8-bit processors.

9. Embedded systems such as …. , calculators, computer keyboards, and infrared remote controls typically …. 8-bit or 4-bit processors.

Вправа 5

Прочитайте текст з вправи 1 ще раз. Випишіть з тексту речення, де вживається пасивний стан дієслова. Перекладіть їх письмово рідною мовою.

Вправа 6

Дайте повні відповіді на питання:

1. What is the CPU?

2. What possibilities can central processing unit give us?

3. What do you know about central processing unit?

4. What is the CPU? Think it over and make a list of five things you suppose relate to this notion. Read your lists out loud and using these ideas, make the Mind-map.