Присвійний відмінок

Присвійний відмінок утворюється додаванням до іменника закінчення -'s:

1. Jаск's friend — друг Джека.

2. The bоуs' books — книги хлопчиків.

but:

the сhіldrеn's toys — іграшки дітей.

3. The son-іn-lаw's library — бібліотека зятя.

4. Tom and Аnn's flat — квартира Тома й Ані.

5. He is my sіstеr's husbаnd's father (He is the father of my sіstеr's husband) — Він батько сестриного чоловіка.

6. Слова house (будинок), office (контора), shop (магазин) часто опускаються:

I dined at my frіеnd's. — Я обідав у свого друга.

She went to the bакеr's. — Вона пішла в булочну.

7. Крім живих іменників, що означають істот, форму присвійного відмінка приймають іменники, що означають час і відстань:

He had a month’s holiday last summer. — У нього була місячна відпустка минулого літа.

8. Прислівники часу: today’s newspaper (сьогоднішня газета), yesterday’s news (учорашні новини).

9. Стійкі вислови: for order’s sake (порядку задля), for old acquaintance’s sake (заради старого знайомства), at a stone’s throw (за два кроки) та ін.

Ex. 1. Divide the following nouns into uncountable and countable:

book, novel, happiness, knowledge, music, fiction, philology, coffee, water, air, dramatist, literature, idea, thought, principle, nature, story, poetry, drama, genre, imagination.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences, use the proper article:

1. Could you pass me …? (glass)

The vase is made of … . (glass)

2. The house was near … . (wood)

The desk is made of … . (wood)

3. She looked at him with … . (pity)

It’s … Anne isn’t here. (pity)

4. … goes so quickly. (time)

She phoned six … yesterday. (time)

5. Three … , please. (ice-cream)

… makes you fat. (ice-cream)

6. He hasn’t got much … . (experience)

It was … I won’t forget. (experience)

Ex. 3. Put these words in pairs (one uncountable, one countable) expressing similar ideas.

Example: furniture — table

Accommodation, advertisement, baggage, banknote, bread, cars, fact, flat, furniture, job, information, journey, loaf, money, publicity, suitcase, table, traffic, travel, work.

Ex. 4. Write the plurals of the following nouns:

poet, video, box, computer, desk, list, hero, address, department, analysis, fish, life, play, reply, phenomenon, student, dish, child, photo, book-shelf, roof, character, quizz, exam, noun, professor, hobby, journal, language, library.

Ex. 5. Choose the best combination for each blank:

class is class are

club has club have

orchestra is orchestra are

school has school have

staff do staff does

1.	a	In England, a state ___ to give time to religious education.
	b	My daughter’s ___ decided to hold their sports day next Saturday.
2.	a	The ___ given £ 5.000 to charity this year.
	b	The ___ fifty per cent more members than a year ago.
3.	a	The ___ not like the new manager.
	b	The ___ not need to be increased.
4.	a	Jane’s ___ in Room 6.
	b	Our ___ planning a party.
5.	a	The ___ just turning up. ___ Let’s hurry in.
	b	An ___ composed of string, wind, and percussion instruments.

Ex. 6. Choose between a singular or a plural verb to use it in the following sentences:

1. We were at the head of the valley and below us we saw an old house. «This is where my family (to live)», he said.

2. Con’s family (to be) in the process of having tea when we arrived.

3. All the family (to be) gathered to see the dog.

4. My family who (to be) occupied each with their particular quest did not notice anything.

5. Monty’s family (to be) of about the same social status as my own.

6. When the family (to be) alone she often read to them before going to bed.

7. Do you know what the family (to get) into their heads about this business?

8. The police (to know) about him for years.

9. Everybody says the Swiss police (to be) great at finding people.

10. The police (to be) not fools. That man does not believe a word of what I said.

11. The police (to call) and a sergeant and a constable arrived.

12. The public (not to think) so.

13. The public (to request) not to leave litter in these woods.

14. As Alan appears, the crew (to be) assembled along the rail.

15. There (to be) two fish in his basket.

16. That evening the net was so heavy that he could hardly draw it into the boat. «Surely I have caught all the fish that (to swim)», he said to himself and laughed.

17. When he came the baseball team (to practise) on the school field.

18. The team (to have) baths at the moment and then (to come) back here for tea.

19. The team (to play) tomorrow morning.

20. The summons (to be) already overdue.

Ex. 7. Choose the correct noun group:

1. the teacher’s office	or the teacher office
2. a bus’s station	or a bus station
3. computer’s disks	or computer disks
4. Tom’s plan	or the Tom plan
5. a teacher trainer	or a teachers’ trainer

Ex. 8. Translate the following into English choosing between a noun in the genitive case and an of-phrase:

1. Студент увійшов до кабінету декана.

2. Це було рішення досвідченого викладача.

3. У сьогоднішній газеті є цікава стаття на цю тему.

4. Боюся, ми спізнимося до Джона.

5. Наступна зустріч акторки з режисером відбулася два тижні потому.

6. Книга мого друга дуже зацікавила мене.

7. Усі студенти підтримали ідею Аліси.

8. Ми готувалися до іспитів у будинку Ганни.

9. Дай мені, будь ласка, адресу мого однокласника. Я йому хочу повернути всі англійські книги.

10. Усі студенти університету взяли участь у цьому заході.

Ex. 9. Make two noun groups from each set of words.

Example: file: your secretary, legal documents: your secretary’s file, the file of legal documents.

1. story: Helen, the French Revolution

2. style: my favourite author, the 1950s

3. place: language education, women

4. ideas: modern linguistics, my son

5. rules: the club, tennis

Ex. 10. Revision: translate from English into Russian paying attention to the plural forms of the following nouns.

As we sailed up the River Hudson towards the cities of New York and Brooklyn, we experienced a sensation which is, I think, common to all travellers who come to the end of their voyage. Many people have tried to analyse this emotion, and I have read many such analyses but none have ever really satisfied me.

The buildings stood out against the skyline like enormous boxes of matches stuck on end. The houses and churches were completely dwarfed by them. As we went up the river, we examined it all with our glasses. It seemed as if each building brushed the skies.

There were a lot of ships in the river mouth. They were bringing cargoes from all over the world — cargoes of meat and potatoes and mangoes, of machines and toys and many other things. They carried silks from China and teas from India as well. They flew the colours of almost every seafaring nation on the globe.

Armies of customs-officials, port-authorities and others, came on board. The passengers were paraded before the port doctor. He was a huge fat man. The first class passengers filed before him as solemn as oxen. Most of the third class passengers stood waiting their turn as quiet as mice, though some were as noisy as a flock of geese. They carried their savings in knotted handkerchiefs, and the rest of their belongings in bundles. Many seemed to have completely lost their bearings in their new and strange surroundings and seemed as bewildered as sheep, while their wives and children stared around like startled deer.

We landed with every manifestation of high spirits and the customs people examined our effects. The hangers-on stared at us as though we were curious phenomena.

On the day we landed, the news got around that an armistice had been signed, and New York was beside itself with joy. Nobody then guessed how many world crises would follow in the years to come; and what small consolation there would be for the men who had performed their duties like heroes in “a war to end war”.

Test A. Plural/singular

1. My hair ___ clean. A — is; B — are

2. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine … not sharp enough. A — is; B — are

3. Bad news (not/make) people happy. A — don’t make; B — doesn’t make

4. I don’t want … or help. A — advices; B — an advice; C — advice

5. I’ve seen some comedies this month. Each … funnier than the last.

A — was; B — were

6. We’d like three … eggs. A — dozen of; B — dozen; C — dozens

7. Knowledge … power. A — is; B — are

8. Everybody … ready. A — is; B — are

9. I need my glasses. Where … the glasses? A — is; B — are

10. In summer we eat a lot of … . A — fruit; B — fruits

11. There … a lot of sheep in the field. A — is; B — are

12. The police… to interview Fred about the accident. A – wants; B – want

13. Money … not everything. A — is; B — are

14. Last Saturday we went fishing, but we didn’t catch many … .

A — fish; B — fishs; C — fishes

15. Mathematics … an exact science. A — is; B — are

16. It costs four … dollars. A — hundred; B — hundreds

17. Julia’s clothes … in her wardrobe. A — is; B — are

18. Our team … the best. A — is; B — are

19. Our team … playing well. A — is; B — are

20. The United States … a violent history. A — have; B — has

Test B. Possessive s’ /’s

1. Liz/the text-book:

A — Liz’s text-book

B — the text-book of Liz

2. The roof/the house:

A — the house’s roof

B — the roof of the house

3. The rabbits/the cage:

A — the rabbits’ cage;

B — the cage of the rabbits

4. Our dog/a new kennel:

A — our dog’s new kennel

B — a new kennel of our dog

5. The Smiths/the car:

A — the Smiths’ car

B — the car of the Smiths

6. Charles/the book:

A — Charles’ book;

B — the book of Charles

7. A bird/a nest:

A — a nest of a bird

B — a bird’s nest

8. Those men/the umbrellas:

A — those men’s umbrellas

B — the umbrellas of those men

9. My parents/the friends:

A — the friends of my parents

B — my parents’ friends

10.Tom and Alice/the car:

A — Tom and Alice’s car;

B — the car of Tom and Alice

11. King Charles II/the portrait:

A — the portrait of King Charles II

B — King’s Charles II portrait

12. The title/the novel I lent you yesterday:

A — the title of the novel I lent you yesterday

B — the novel’s title I lent you yesterday

Pronouns