I. Scan the text. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words:
а) консервная банка, гвозди, вязальная проволока, веревка, дрель, долговечность, штепсельная вилка, непрерывность производственного процесса, токарный станок, обслуживающий (технический) персонал, уязвимое место, исключительная польза, эксплуатация (инструмента), резкое охлаждение, ряд подобных продуктов, втулка, подшипник, чугун, анод, модель (для литья), литейное производство, шлифовка, заточка, специальное вещество, квалифицированный рабочий, гальванизирование, коробка передач, жиронепроницаемая бумага, этикетка, случайный, развертка, плавильная печь.
б) превращать, облегчить перевозку к месту назначения, сохраняться, поставлять (завозить), убирать, свести поломки к минимуму,
II. Explain the following words in English. Use English – English dictionary if necessary.
Benefit, destruction, expenditure, permanent, transit, durability, in advance.
III. Read the text once again. While reading define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
Production materials may sometimes be subjected to processes which change the form, qualities or appearance.
Patterns are used in different kinds of work, where metal, cast iron, wood are used.
Tools are vital to production and provide the means of ensuring that the plant is kept in good order to guarantee continuity of production.
Packing materials are used for protection and compact packaging to facilitate transit to a destination.
Consumable materials are used to destruction as a general aid in manufacture and often appear in the finished product.
Patterns are made of paper, iron, and wood.
Maintenance materials include raw materials in metal or ready-made spare parts.
IV. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
What materials provide the means of ensuring that the plant is kept in good order to guarantee continuity of production?
Whose task is it to know the stresses and vulnerable parts of particular plant?
What do consumable materials include?
Drills, reamers, plugs and dies refer to tools, don’t they?
What are maintenance materials vital to?
Why are patterns made of metal?
Why are special tools obtained for one particular job or product?
How can small tools be bought?
Represent the information from the text in the form of a chart and speak about each section.
VI. Compress the text using “TRACK & DICE” model.
Language at work /Prepositions/
I. Search for the examples of prepositions of place and movement in the text “Forms of materials”. Consult Grammar Reference.
II. Choose the right variant
1. The term “packing materials” is self-explanatory; it denotes materials, used … protection and compact packaging to facilitate transit … a destination.
a) for …on b) to … by c) out of … for d) for … to
2. The pattern is the outside master-shape of the product, usually made … wood … a skilled worker.
a) from … to b) in … for c) from … by d) out of … to
3. Consumable materials are used to destruction as a general aid in manufacture but do not appear … the finished product.
a) on b) in c) into d) for
4. The patterns are virtually permanent and … big quantities and long runs are made of metal … durability.
a) for …for b) for … by c) out of … for d) for … to
5. These materials are vital … production and provide the means of ensuring that the plant is kept … good order to guarantee continuity of production.
a) in … to b) to … in c) by … on d) for … under
6. Small tools are standard tools which can be bought ready-made … the purpose required, and which are for common use in the manufacture of more than one article.
a) for b) at c) in d) on
7. In fact … the beginning of the 21st century … most Western economies services make up most of the gross domestic product.
a) in … in b) at … in c) at … on d) for … on
8. … 1575, the word ‘product’ has been referred to anything produced.
a) at b) on c) since d) in
Communication