R. S. Ginzburg , S. S. Khidekel, G. Y. Knyazeva, A. A. Sankin
A COURSE IN MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY
SECOND EDITION Revised and Enlarged
Допущено
Министерством
высшего и среднего
специального образования СССР
в качестве учебника
для студентов
институтов и факультетов
иностранных языков
MOSCOW VYSŠAJA ŠKOLA 1979
ББК 81.2-3 Англ Л 43
Рецензент:
кафедра английской филологии Ленинградского государственного педагогического института им. А. А. Герцена
Л 43 Лексикология английского языка: Учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз./Р. 3. Гинзбург, С. С. Хидекель, Г. Ю. Князева и А. А. Санкин. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — М.: Высш. школа, 1979. — 269 с, ил., табл. Список рек. лит. В пер.: 1 р. 00 к.
Данная книга является вторым изданием учебника по лексикологии тех же авторов, вышедшего впервые в 1966 г.
В учебнике нашли отражение такие вопросы лексикологии, как семасиология, структура слова, словосложение и словообразование, словосочетания и фразеологические единицы, этимология словарного состава английского языка, основы английской лексикографии и др.
Второе издание дополнено разделом «Методы лексикологического исследования», значительно расширен раздел «Лексикография» и др.
ББК 81.2-3 Англ 4И (Англ)
4602010000
© ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «ВЫСШАЯ ШКОЛА», 1979
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
This book makes no pretension to deal with the whole vast field of English Lexicology. It has a more limited aim, to assist the students of foreign language institutes and departments in their study of the fundamentals of Modern English Lexicology. Post-graduates specialising in English and teachers of English may also find it useful.
This book is, as its title implies, concerned only with the vocabulary of English as it exists and functions at the present time. The authors* major concern is, therefore, with the treatment of the problems inherent in a course of Lexicology mainly from the synchronic angle. The diachronic approach which is, in the authors’ opinion, indispensable in any study of vocabulary occupies its due place in the book too.
The book is based on the course of lectures in English Lexicology delivered by the authors for a number of years at the Moscow Maurice Thorez State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages. The subject matter corresponds to the programme on English Lexicology issued by the USSR Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education.
In preparing this work the authors have tried to take into consideration the latest achievements in linguistic science made in the Soviet Union and elsewhere. The authors’ indebtedness to various books and studies will be readily perceived from List of Books Extensively Used as well as from the authors quoted or referred to in the foot-notes. The factual material collected in some of the best graduation papers compiled under the authors’ guidance has also been made use of.
The work of preparing the separate parts of the course has been distributed among the authors as follows:
Introduction — A. A. Sankin
Varieties of English — G. Y. Knyaseva
Semasiology — R. S. Ginzburg
Word-Groups and Phraseological Units — R. S. Ginzburg
Word-Structure — S. S. Khidekel and A. A. Sankin
Word-Formation: affixation, conversion, shortening of words and minor ways of word-forming — A. A. Sankin
Word-Composition — S. S. Khidekel
Etymological Survey of English Vocabulary — G. Y. Knyazeva
Conclusion — R. S. Ginzburg and S. S. Khidekel
9. Fundamentals of English Lexicography:
Number of Vocabulary Units in English — R. S. Ginzburg Main Types of English Dictionaries — G. Y. Knyazeva
The authors owe a great debt to a number of their colleagues from the Chair of English Lexicology and Stylistics who offered them advice on one or another portion of the book. The authors are highly indebted to E. M. Mednikova who read an earlier version in its entirety and made many extremely valuable suggestions aimed at improving the treatment of the subject and the arrangement of the material. Warm thanks are also due to E. M. Lebedinskaya who was especially helpful during later stages of the work.
But, of course, no helpers, named or unnamed, are responsible for the blemishes that nevertheless remain. The authors will welcome any comment and criticism that will help to improve the book.
The Authors
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
The first edition of this book has been used in the classroom for over ten years.
Since the first publication of “A Course in Modern English Lexicology” there has been considerable progress in linguistic studies and the authors’ ideas about some points have changed. So some chapters had to be revised or modified. The authors also found it necessary to introduce a special chapter on the procedures and methods of lexicological analysis written by R. S. Ginzburg, replace Conclusion by the chapter Various Aspects of Vocabulary Units and Replenishment of Modern English Word-Stock written by R. S. Ginzburg and S. S. Khidekel and also to enlarge the chapter on lexicography.
The work of preparing the separate parts of the present edition has been distributed among the authors as follows:
I. Introduction — A. A. Sankin II. Semasiology — R. S. Ginzburg
Word-Groups and Phraseological Units — R. S. Ginzburg
Word-Structure — S. S. Khidekel and A. A. Sankin V. Word-Formation — A. A. Sankin
Word-Composition — S. S. Khidekel
VI. Etymological Survey of the English Word-Stock — G. Y. Knyazeva VIL Various Aspects of Vocabulary Units and Replenishment of Modern
English Word-Stock — R. S. Ginzburg, S. S. Khidekel VIII. Variants and dialects of the English Language — G. Y. Knyazeva IX. Fundamentals of English Lexicography — G. Y. Knyazeva X. Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis — R. S. Ginzburg
Besides some rearrangements have been made for the sake of greater clarity and simplicity of presentation.
The authors owe a great debt to a number of their colleagues who offered them advice on this or that part of the book. Special thanks are due to Professor V. A. Kunin who has supplied the authors with the scheme of his conception of phraseology and to Professor I. V. Arnold whose criticism was of invaluable help to the authors.
The authors are greatly indebted to Mr. Mark White for going over the text of the first edition and making valuable suggestions as to the English wording.
The Authors
OF ABBREVIATIONS
AE — American English
Am. — American
AS. — Anglo-Saxon
AuE — Australian English
BE — British English
Br. — British
cf. — compare
Chin. — Chinese
CnE — Canadian English
colloq. — colloquial
Fr. — French
G. — German
gen. E. — general English
Gr. — Greek
It. — Italian
L. — Latin
ME. — Middle English
MnE. — Modern English
OE. — Old English
OFr. — Old French
ON. — Old Norse
Russ. — Russian
Scand. — Scandinavian
Scot. — Scottish
sl. — slang
U.S. — American
I. Introduction