Vocabulary

1 to be subject to – подвергать (воздействию, влиянию и т. п.)

2 a great deal of – много, большое количество чего-л.

3 to intervene – вмешиваться

4 to halt – останавливать, задерживать

5 to embrace – принимать

6 carrier –авиаперевозчик; авиакомпания

7 to merge – сливать(ся), соединять(ся) (into, with)

8 zeppelin – цеппелин (вид дирижабля)

9 embargo – правительственный запрет

10 heyday – зенит, расцвет, лучшая пора

Text work:

1. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1 Only a few countries have their own airlines.

2 In most countries government does not interfere into air transportation.

3 The first countries in Europe to admit air transport were Holland, Japan and Italy.

4 The oldest carrier working under its original name was organized in 1919.

5 One of the oldest still-working airlines in the world is Finnish Aeropostale.

6 The apex of German air travel was in 1940s.

7 The disaster of Hindenburg took place in 1937.

8 The world's first regular international flight was in July, 1919.

9 Such group as ICAO proclaims worldwide standards for safety only.

10 World air traffic is controlled by bilateral agreements between countries.

2. Look through the text once again and explain to your partner the meaning of the dates and names given below.

1 KLM

2 1920

3 Aeropostale

4 Finnair

5 12 September 1923

6 Hindenburg

7 1937

8 BOAC

9 Bermuda Agreement

10 ICAO

3. Work with your partner. Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of traveling by air. Compare your lists with other pairs of students. How many correspondences have you got?

4. Look through the pictures and read the article about the airline meals. What is your impression of that service. What would you change? Discuss in groups.

Short-haul meal of Austrian Airlines Breakfast served on short-haul flights in Aeroflot

A British Airways lunch (economy): baked fish, China Eastern Airlines - Domestic

salmon salad and apple pie. Flight Snack Box

The airline dinner typically includes meat (most commonly chicken or beef), a salad or vegetable, a small roll, and a dessert. Caterers usually produce alternative meals, e.g. kosher, halal and vegetarian. These must usually be ordered in advance, sometimes when buying the ticket. Some airlines do not offer a specific meal for vegetarians; instead, they are given a vegan meal. Some of other special meals include:

• Cultural diet, such as Chinese, French, Japanese, Indian or Italian style

• Infant and baby meals

• Medical diet which varies from low/high fibre, low fat/cholesterol, diabetic, peanut free, non-lactose, low salt/sodium, low-purine, low-calorie, low-protein, bland to gluten-free

• Religious diet, such as Hindu, Muslim or Buddhist diet (i.e Asian vegetarian)

• Children's meals, which often contain foods that picky children will enjoy such as baked beans, mini-hamburgers and hot dogs.

5. Find the following phrases in the extract given above (in Task 4):

1 маленькая булочка

2 поставщик провизии

3 кошерный, разрешенный законами иудаизма

4 заказывать заранее

5 бессолевая диета

6 низкопуриновая диета

7 безглютеновая диета

8 нестрогая (щадящая) диета

9 детское питание

10 разборчивые дети

6. Look through the pictures of different types of air transport. What would you choose to travel by and why? Explain your choice to your partner.

Hindenburg at Lakehurst Naval Air Station, First powered heavier-than air flight,

1936 December 17, 1903

Swiss International Air Lines Airbus A330 1947 Cessna 120

Text 4. Ships (water transport)

Scan the text and find information devoted to cruise ships. Retell it.

A watercraft is a vehicle designed to float on and move across (or under) water. The need for buoyancy unites watercraft, and makes the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance, and appearance.

English seldom uses the term watercraft to describe any specific individual object (and probably then only as an affectation): rather the term serves to unify the category that ranges from small boats to the largest ships, and also includes the diverse watercraft for which some term even more specific than ship or boat (e.g., canoe, kayak, raft, barge, jet ski) comes to mind first.

Ship transport is the process of moving people, goods, etc. by barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. This is frequently undertaken for purposes of commerce, recreation or military objectives.

Early sea transport was accomplished with ships that were either rowed or used the wind for propulsion, and often, in earlier times with smaller vessels, a combination of the two.

In the 1800s the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now most ships have an engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some specialized ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam.

Although relatively slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of non-perishable goods. Transport by water is significantly less costly than transport by air for trans-continental shipping.

Cruise ships are passenger ships used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are considered an essential part of the experience. Cruising has become a major part of the tourism industry, with millions of passengers each year as of 2006. The industry's rapid growth has seen nine or more newly built ships catering to a North American clientele added every year since 2001, as well as others servicing European clientele. Smaller markets such as the Asia-Pacific region are generally serviced by older tonnage displaced by new ships introduced into the high growth areas.