2. Answer the questions.

1. What is the most important thing about water transport? 2. What is the distance covered by Kon-Tiki? 3. What did the Romans use their vessels for? 4. Until what century were galleys used? 5. What made long voyages more safe? 6. What century is the highest point in the development of sailing ships? 7. When did the first steamship cross the Atlantic? 8. What made it possible to built larger ships in the middle of the 19th century? 9. In what way did the industrial revolution in­fluence the size and power of ships? 10. What changes in ports took place during the industrial revolution? 11. What improvements in the type of engines were introduced during the 20th century? 12. How are diesel-engined ships called? When were they introduced? 13. What type of ships were introduced in 1950s? 14. How much fuel a week does the atomic ice-breaker need? 15. What is the operation of nuclear reactor accompanied by? 16. What kind of work must be carried out before sea­going ships can use rivers? 17. What city is the centre of the network of the canals in France? 18. Can sea-going ships use the canal linking. Moscow with Leningrad?

3. Insert the meaning words.

capacity	slowly	replace
negligible	supplies	smooth
owing to	suppose	protection
timber	sailing	fuel
prove	seemed	widening
loaded	till	efficient
weigh	raw

1. What ... is to be used for this engine? 2. Aluminium can easily ... iron in many cases. 3. Therefore ... measures were taken. 4. Is the road between the two villages ...? 5. Cotton was among other ... mate­rials imported to the country. 6. They have developed a new reliable means of ... against radiation. 7. They are designing a new car of a great­er ... . 8. Even ... changes could lead to the accident. 9. This street is rather narrow. It needs ... . 10. ... is often spoken about as the one of (he best structural materials. 11. ... up-to-date equipment new experi­ments could be made in the laboratory. 12. You look very thin, how much do you ...? 13. They walked ... it got dark. 14. Let us go, I ... he is waiting for us there. 15. This ship is supposed to carry ... of food to the island. 16. It was clear he could ... nothing. 17. He worked hard, and he ... very tired. 18. The ship was ... south. 19. How much did a ... boat weigh? 20. He was very tired and was walking ... .

4. a) Find the antonyms of the first word in every row..

1. negligible a) internal, b) previous, с) considerable, d) permanent

2. slowly a) chiefly, b) directly, c) rather, d) quickly

3. narrow a) flat, b) wide, c) shallow, d) advanced

4. a few a) wrong, b) enough, c) else, d) one

5. to load a) to operate, b) to design, c) to unload, d) to develop

6. shortage a) plenty, b) protection, c) establishment, d) significance

7. to repair a) to cross, b) to damage, c) to test, d) to widen

8. the same a) a few, b) recent, c) main, d) different

9. weakness a) capacity, b) strength, c) century, d) provision

10. simple a) complicated, b) reliable, c) successful, d) major

11. gradually a) unfortunately, b) probably, c) at once, d) scarcely

12. small a) valuable, b) rapid, c) main, d) huge

b) Find the synonyms of the first word in every row.

1. a great deal a) quantity, b) according to, с) plenty of, d) consist of

2. to promote a) to need, b) to require, c) to receive, c) to facilitate

3. to replace a) to load, b) to cross, c) to change, d) to include

4. till a) round, b) until, c) in order to, d) for

5. to suppose a) to like, b) to find out, c) to try, d) to think

6. boat a) ship, b) fuel, c) island, d) cotton

7. to solve a) to develop, b) to consider, c) to decide, d) to send

8. between a) round, b) among, c) in spite of, d) through

9. to supply a) to sail, b) to maintain, c) to provide, d) to move

10. invention a) century, b) influence, c) size, d) discovery

11. to design a) to point, b) to construct, c) to test, d) to drive .

12. earth a) land, b) iron, c) steel, d) coal