1.Read three texts below and summarise the information given in them

Text 1

People travel for a variety of reasons, including for vacations, business, and visits to friends and relatives. For many of these travelers, hotels and other accommodations will be where they stay while out of town. For others, hotels may be more than just a place to stay; they are destinations in themselves. Resort hotels and casino hotels, for example, offer a variety of activities to keep travelers and families occupied for much of their stay.

Goods and services. Hotels and other accommodations are as different as the many family and business travelers they accommodate. The industry includes all types of lodging, from luxurious five-star hotels to youth hostels and RV (recreational vehicle) parks. While many provide simply a place to spend the night, others cater to longer stays by providing food service, recreational activities, and meeting rooms.

Hotels and motels comprise the majority of establishments in this industry and are generally classified as offering either full-service or limited service. Full-service properties offer a variety of services for their guests, but they almost always include at least one or more restaurant and beverage service options other than self-service—from coffee bars and lunch counters to cocktail lounges and formal restaurants. They also usually provide room service. Larger full-service properties usually have a variety of retail shops on the premises, such as gift boutiques, newsstands, and drug and cosmetics counters, some of which may be geared to an exclusive clientele. Additionally, a number of full-service hotels offer guests access to laundry and valet services, swimming pools, beauty salons, and fitness centers or health spas. A small—but growing—number of luxury hotel chains also manage condominium units in combination with their transient rooms, providing both hotel guests and condominium owners with access to the same services and amenities.

The largest hotels often have banquet rooms, exhibit halls, and spacious ballrooms to accommodate conventions, business meetings, wedding receptions, and other social gatherings. Conventions and business meetings are major sources of revenue for these properties. Some commercial hotels are known as conference hotels—fully self-contained entities specifically designed for large-scale meetings. They provide physical fitness and recreational facilities for meeting attendees, in addition to state-of-the-art audiovisual and technical equipment, a business centre, and banquet services.

Limited-service hotels are free-standing properties that do not have on-site restaurants or most other amenities that must be provided by a staff other than the front desk or housekeeping. They usually offer continental breakfasts, vending machines or small packaged items, Internet access, and sometimes unattended game rooms or swimming pools in addition to daily housekeeping services. The numbers of limited-service properties have been growing. These properties are not as costly to build and maintain. They appeal to budget-conscious family vacationers and travellers who are willing to sacrifice amenities for lower room prices.

Hotels can also be categorized based on a distinguishing feature or service provided by the hotel. Conference hotels provide meeting and banquet rooms, and usually food service, to large groups of people. Resort hotels offer luxurious surroundings with a variety of recreational facilities, such as swimming pools, golf courses, tennis courts, game rooms, and health spas, as well as planned social activities and entertainment. Resorts typically are located in vacation destinations or near natural settings, such as mountains, seashores, theme parks, or other attractions. As a result, the business of many resorts fluctuates with the season. Some resort hotels and motels provide additional convention and conference facilities to encourage customers to combine business with pleasure. During the off season, many of these establishments solicit conventions, sales meetings, and incentive tours to fill their otherwise empty rooms; some resorts even close for the off-season.

Extended-stay hotels typically provide rooms or suites with fully equipped kitchens, entertainment systems, office space with computer and telephone lines, fitness centers, and other amenities. Typically, guests use these hotels for a minimum of 5 consecutive nights, often while on an extended work assignment or lengthy vacation or family visit. All-suite hotels offer a living room or sitting room in addition to a bedroom.

Casino hotels combine both lodging and legalized gaming on the same premises. Along with the typical services provided by most full-service hotels, casino hotels also contain casinos where patrons can wager at table games, play slot machines, and make other bets. Some casino hotels also contain conference and convention facilities.

In addition to hotels, bed-and-breakfast inns, RV parks, campgrounds, and rooming and boarding houses provide lodging for overnight guests and are included in this industry. Bed-and-breakfast inns provide short-term lodging in private homes or small buildings converted for this purpose and are characterized by highly personalized service and inclusion of breakfast in the room rate. Their appeal is quaintness; they typically provide unusual service and unique decor.

RV parks and campgrounds cater to people who enjoy recreational camping at moderate prices. Some parks and campgrounds provide service stations, general stores, shower and toilet facilities, and coin-operated laundries. While some are designed for overnight travelers only, others are for vacationers who stay longer. Some camps provide accommodations, such as cabins and fixed campsites, and other amenities, such as food services, recreational facilities and equipment, and organized recreational activities. Examples of these overnight camps include children's camps, family vacation camps, hunting and fishing camps, and outdoor adventure retreats that offer trail riding, white-water rafting, hiking, fishing, game hunting, and similar activities.

Other short-term lodging facilities in this industry include guesthouses, or small cottages located on the same property as a main residence, and youth hostels—dormitory-style hotels with few frills, occupied mainly by students travelling on limited budgets. Also included are rooming and boarding houses, such as fraternity houses, sorority houses, off-campus dormitories, and workers' camps. These establishments provide temporary or longer term accommodations that may serve as a principal residence for the period of occupancy. These establishments also may provide services such as housekeeping, meals, and laundry services.

Industry organization. In recent years, the hotel industry has been dominated by a few large national hotel chains. To the traveller, familiar chain establishments represent dependability and quality at predictable rates. Many chains recognize the importance of brand loyalty to guests and have expanded the range of lodging options offered under one corporate name to include a full range of hotels from limited-service, economy-type hotels to luxury inns. While these national corporations own some of the hotels, many properties are independently owned but affiliated with a chain through a franchise agreement or management contract. Increasingly, hotel chains are moving away from owning properties to managing them. As part of a chain, individual hotels can participate in the company's national reservations service or incentive program, thereby appearing to belong to a larger enterprise.

For those who prefer more personalized service and a unique experience, boutique hotels are becoming more popular. These smaller hotels are generally found in urban locations and provide patrons good service and more distinctive decor and food selection.

Although there are nationwide RV parks and campgrounds, most small lodging establishments are individually owned and operated by a single owner, who may employ a small staff to help operate the business.

Recent developments. The lodging industry is moving towards more limited-service properties mostly in suburban, residential, or commercial neighbourhoods, often locating hotels near popular restaurants. Many full-service properties are limiting or quitting the food service business altogether, choosing to contract out their food service operations to third party restaurateurs, including long-term arrangements with chain restaurant operators. Urban business and entertainment districts are providing a greater mix of lodging options to appeal to a wider range of travellers.

Increased competition among establishments in this industry has spurred many independently owned and operated hotels and other lodging places to join national or international reservation systems. This allows travellers to make multiple reservations for lodging, airlines, and car rentals with one telephone call or Internet search. Nearly all hotel chains and many independent lodging facilities operate online reservation systems through the Internet or maintain Web sites that allow individuals to book rooms. Online marketing of properties is so popular with guests that many hotels promote themselves with elaborate Web sites and allow people to investigate availability and rates.

Text 2

Hotels are foundations that provide dwelling for a short term. The purchasing of basic facilities, a century ago, was as following: a room with an uncomfortable bed, a small writing table, a wardrobe and a washbasin in addition; some hotels have an air conditioner of the old sample in every room. Of course there were some service sectors such as consumer service, health service and restaurant service. A little bit later somewhere in the beginning of the XXth century, rooms in the hotels were outfitted with telephones, alarm clocks and even with TV-sets. Larger hotels granted their guests with restaurants, swimming pools, conference halls and saunas.

Nowadays the hotel industry is becoming bigger and more popular. Hotels are divided into luxury hotels, budget hotels, cheap hotels, pet friendly hotels and so on. In luxury hotels you can find everything you need to pass your vacation at the best level, such hotels provide you with the best rooms in various styles, with service on a level with the highest worlds standards, with spa procedures, with casinos and wonderful sea or mountain air. Due to the incredible growth of tourism worldwide, budget and cheap hotels appear; these hotels supply their dwellers with all the necessary amenities but such hotels are much cheaper than spa hotels and best hotels, because offered conditions mismatch the maximum world standards. But despite of this, hotels of such level are demanded among tourists and simple holidaymakers.

Sometimes there are discounts in hotels, connected with an unsuccessful or bad season. Discount hotels are well-known among people who do not presume to have a rest in best hotels. Hotel rates are very different; the price on a room in a hotel depends on a level of a hotel and the conditions offered by it. Hotels can be still well-known for the visitors such as Presidents, painters, architectures, pop-singers, pop-models, actors and writers. Hotels still differ in the extraordinary and post-modern architecture. Inside of some best or luxury hotels the interior is made in style of a baroque or high-tech. In our days the competitions of beauty, the summits, the weeks of fashion, the presentations of new books and films are led in luxury hotels. As to pet friendly hotels, these hotels are made for your pets which also want to have a vacation.

Lots of hotels can be thought-out destinations in themselves by means of extraordinary characteristics of the dwelling or its direct environment: a cave hotel which is situated in South Australia; because of the summer desert temperature people prefer to live in caves in order to avoid horrible heat.

The next one is a capsule hotel which is situated in Japan. Capsule hotel is made to reduce the territory captured by the hotel up to minimal.

One more piece of art, existing nowadays is an ice hotel which is situated in Norway. It is an evanescent hotel made completely of snow and sculpted blocks of ice. So you can find hotels to all tastes with different conditions and different price.

Text 3

To be competitive nowadays, hotels have to offer more than accommodation; they have to provide additional services including childcare, restaurants, gyms and swimming pools as well.

Hotels are often the accommodation of choice for people traveling on business, as they are usually equipped to hold conferences, thereby giving delegates the convenience of working and staying on site.

Most hotels nowadays also offer meeting rooms and business centers so guests travelling on business can stay in touch with the office and meet with clients in a professional setting.

The price and quality of any hotel is generally an indication of the amount of services it offers. To avoid confusion, many properties offer a star rating system, an unbiased rating system that allows consumers to easily compare hotels.

The star rating system is used worldwide so, whether you are visiting a major capitol city or a remote village, you will be able to identify the level of service and accommodation offered by any particular local establishment.

Within this rating system five (5) star hotels are generally the highest ranking and would be expected to offer the most luxurious services. Although, new six (6) and seven (7) star hotels are now emerging. At the other end of the spectrum, one (1) star hotels are the lowest ranked and usually consist of very basic rooms with no additional facilities.

While the star rating system is helpful for prospective travelers, one must be mindful - that smaller boutique-style hotels may offer luxury style accommodation on par with that of a five (5) star hotel but they may have a lower rank based simply on the fact they do not offer as many additional services as a their larger-named counterparts.

Even within the one hotel you will find a variety of different rooms types and standards available, from suites and penthouses - often the most luxurious - to single rooms, being the most basic. Most hotels also offer smoking and non-smoking rooms and, the choice of a balcony room or room with a view. This is generally more expensive than your standard room.

While five-star hotels are magnificent realistically not everyone can afford to stay in them. There are a number of quality hotels around that offer great accommodation at an affordable cost. With the emergence of various discount airlines worldwide it is meaning that interstate and, more significantly, international travel is no longer something restricted to only the wealthy. With this realisation has come the creation of numerous budget stay, cheaper hotels.