III. Vocabulary.

Exercise 3. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian.

• the whole process

• textile manufacture

• fibrous substances

• certain properties and qualities

• prehistoric times

• throughout past centuries

• particularly

• clothing purposes

• available in a large quantity

• reasonably durable

• a wide variety of fast shades

• cotton fibers crease easily

• manufacture of chemical fibers

• numerous filaments

• comparatively fine and strong

• in bleaching the fabric

Exercise 4. Match parts of the sentences from column A and column B.

Column A	Column B
a). The textile workers of all lands	1). length, strength, cohesiveness, elasticity and many others.
b). It is surprising that only these four fibers	2). shape, length, thickness, shape of cross section, strength, etc.
c). A fiber must possess certain properties and qualities such as	3). cotton, linen, wool and silk have been used mainly for clothing purposes.
d). Considering the individual fibers the following properties are of importance:	4). have selected those materials which seem to them most suitable.
e). A few simple fibers, particularly cotton, linen, wool and silk	5). compared with their fineness.
f). The strength of cotton fibers is relatively high	6). are suitable for modern textile purposes.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks using words in brackets.

1. The whole process of textile (introduction, manufacture, culture) consists of the combination of fiber with fiber.

2. Principal fibers now in use – wool, silk, cotton, flax are (industrial, natural, suitable) fibers.

3. But today these fibers with the exception of silk, are being widely used for industrial (qualities, purposes, properties).

4. We will look at some properties of cotton and (shape, heat, flax).

5. However cotton fibers are not very elastic, that is why cotton fabrics (dissolve, recover, crease) easily.

6. The commonest form of obtaining these fibers is known as (cooling, absorbing, retting).

7. Linen is more (numerous, expensive, decorative) than cotton.

Exercise 6. Find sentences in the text A and B with the predicate in:

a). Present Indefinite: V₁ (o, es)

b). Present Indefinite Passive Voice: be + V₃ (ed)

c). Present Perfect Active Voice: have (has) + V₃ (ed)

IV. Comprehension.

Exercise 7. Agree or disagree with the following:

1. The whole process of textile manufacture consists of the combination of fiber with fiber.

2. To be suitable for textile purposes a flax fiber must be steeped in water for some time.

3. As cotton fibers are good conductors of heat they are worn in cold weather.

4. The commonest form of obtaining flax fibers is known as “retting”.

5. Linen isn’t used where strength, lustre, absorbing power and stiffness are desired.

6. Flax is less expensive than cotton.

Exercise 8. Read text B once more and render its contents in your native language or in English using phrases:

1. The text is about …

2. The author stresses …

3. The author give examples of …

4. In conclusion the author point out that …

Exercise 9. Answer the questions:

1. What does the whole process of textile manufacture consist of?

2. What properties must a fiber possess to be suitable for textile purposes?

3. Can you name four textile fibers which are mainly used for clothing purposes?

4. Silk is not used for industrial purposes, is it?

5. What properties are of importance you haven’t read about?

6. Why are cotton clothes very popular in wearing?

7. Where is linen used and why is it considered to be the best natural fiber?