- •Оглавление
- •1.Target Markets 82
- •2. Levels Of service 85
- •4. Ownership and Affiliations 86
- •Vocabulary Focus 97
- •Infomercials 103
- •Vocabulary Focus 104
- •Preface
- •Course book Outline
- •Unit 1. Tourism Industry Group Discussion
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •Unit 2. Types of Tourism Group Discussion
- •Reading
- •Cultural Tourism
- •Ghetto Tourism and Graffiti Travel
- •Medical Tourism
- •Religious Tourism
- •Secular Pilgrimage (Personality Cult)
- •Sports Tourism
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •Travel by rail
- •Coach travel
- •Travel by car
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •Unit 4. Working in tourism Group Discussion
- •Reading
- •Types of jobs you could do
- •Skills used in this Industry
- •Related jobs
- •Related industry
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •Unit 5. Travel Agency Group Discussion
- •Reading
- •Origins
- •Operations
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •2. Levels Of service
- •4. Ownership and Affiliations
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •Business Travel
- •Travel Insurance
- •In addition, often separate insurance can be purchased for specific costs such as:
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •The Industrial Revolution
- •Food Regulation
- •World War II
- •Nutritional Standards
- •Potential
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Promotion Methods
- •Publicity
- •Advertising
- •Types of advertising Media
- •Mobile billboard advertising
- •Infomercials
- •Celebrities
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Speaking
- •Creative task
- •Questions
- •References
- •Appendix World’s Most Visited Tourist Attractions
- •1) Times Square, New York City (39,200,200)
- •2) Central Park, New York City (38,000,000)
- •3) Union Station, Washington, dc (37,000,000)
- •4) Las Vegas Strip (29,467,000)
- •5) Niagara Falls, New York and Ontario (22,500,000)
- •6) Grand Central Terminal, New York City (21,600,000)
- •7) Faneuil Hall Marketplace, Boston (18,000,000)
- •8) Disney’s World Magic Kingdom, Orlando (16,972,000)
- •9) Disneyland Park, Anaheim, ca (15,980,000)
- •10) Grand Bazaar, Istanbul (15,000,000)
Promotion Methods
Promoters bring crowds through a variety of methods. The most direct are guerrilla marketing techniques such as plastering posters on outdoor walls, flyposting, and distributing handbills on windows of cars parked in entertainment districts. Promoters also keep mailing lists, emails, SMS and MMS messages.
Publicity
Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject. The subjects of publicity include people (for example, politicians and performing artists), goods and services, organizations of all kinds, and works of art or entertainment.
Publicity methods include:
contest;
event sponsorship;
analysis or prediction;
poll or survey;
invention and presentation of an award.
The advantages of publicity are low cost, and credibility (particularly if the publicity is aired in between news stories like on evening TV news casts). New technologies such as weblogs, web cameras, web affiliates, and convergence (phone-camera posting of pictures and videos to websites) are changing the cost-structure.
Advertising
Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of products and services through the creation and reinvention of the "brand image". For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.
Money spent on advertising has increased dramatically in recent years. In 2007, spending on advertising has been estimated at over $150 billion in the United States and $385 billion worldwide.
Types of advertising Media
Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television adverts, web banners, mobile telephone screens, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches, human billboards, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, banners attached to or sides of airplanes ("logojets"), in-flight advertisements on seatback tray tables or overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and passenger screens, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, etc. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.
Mobile billboard advertising
Mobile billboards are truck- or blimp-mounted billboards or digital screens. These can be dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying advertisements along routes preselected by clients, or they can be specially-equipped cargo trucks. The billboards are often lighted; some being backlit, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements.
Covert advertising (product placement) occurs when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can travel by an airplane of a definite company.
The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. The majority of television commercials feature a song or jingle that listeners soon relate to the product.