- •1. Geographical position of the uk and its significance.
- •3. Climate and weather in the uk.
- •4.Ancient Britain: early prehistoric evidence, prehistoric monuments.
- •5. Anglo-Saxon Britain, the Heptarchy.
- •6. Norman Invasion. Norman Britain - Social and Political Developments.
- •Conquest of England
- •Значение нормандского завоевания:
- •8. The Seventeenth Century - the Rise of Puritanism. The Civil War; the Restoration. The Great Plague, the Great Fire of London
- •9. The 18th Century: the political parties, expansion of the empire. The Agricultural Revolution.
- •10. Britain and the Napoleonic Wars.
- •Victorian Britain. Victorian values.
- •11. The rise of Liberalism and the working class in the late 19th century; creation of the Labour Party.
- •12. Great Britain in the First World War.
- •13. Great Britain in the Second World War.
- •15. Creation of the affluent society in gb in the 20 century
- •28. Great Britain and the European Union
- •16. Scottish national symbols and notable Scots.
- •17. Welsh national symbols.
- •18. Irish national symbols, notables and signs of national identity.
- •Irish and Scottish Problems
- •19. Ethnic Minorities in Great Britain; immigration to the uk.
- •20. The United Kingdom as a Constitutional Monarchy.
- •21. The Origin and the Present-Day Role of the British Parliament.
- •23.The Functions of the uk’s Cabinet.(Prime-Minister)
- •24. The Labour Party now.
- •25. British election system: for and against
- •26. The Type of Ownership and Structure of Britain's economy: the changes it underwent in the 20th century.
- •43. Religion and church in Britain.
- •32. The History of the English Language: the Middle English Period.
- •33. The History of the English Language: the Early Modern English Period.
Значение нормандского завоевания:
1.Feudalization, economic &cultural ties with Europe
2.Skillful artisans & merchants from the continent
3.New language
4.the process of monarch powers’ limitation began: 15 June 1215 the magna carta enforced.=> sought to enforce upon the king the recognition of the customary right which barons, church and free man gained in the past. – it’s the corner stone of the Englishman’s liberty,50 years late this led to the establishment of the 1st English parliament in 1265.
7. The Tudor Period (1485-1603) - King Henry VII; King Henry VIII.
The Tudor period usually refers to the historical period between 1485 and 1558. Sometimes treated separately as the Elizabethan era (1558 – 1603).
Health. The tudor municipalities were comparatively small and overcrowded. The streets were narrow, dirty and very insanitary, spreading diseases such as typhus and the plague. Few of the inhabitants lived to be older than 40, and children often died before they were five.
Education. Poorer children never went to school. Children from better-off families had tutors to teach them reading and French.
Pastimes. The rich used to go hunting. The poor watched bear fighting and also played a kind of football. There were some theatres (playwright William Shakespeare).
King Henry VII
Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England and Wales following the Battle of Bosworth Field. Henry's family, the Tudors, had been involved in a long and bitter war against the house of York: The War of the Roses. At Bosworth Field Henry led his men against the forces of Richard III. The Lancastrians, followers of Henry Tudor, defeated Richard, who died in the battle: Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England and Wales. In order to make sure that he was not overthrown Henry married Elizabeth of York. Henry VII faced other problems though. He had become King of a country that had no money, law and order were a problem. Henry's rule was successful. He managed to make peace with Spain, his eldest son, Arthur, married Catherine of Aragon and he brought stability.
King Henry VIII - the most infamous (позорный) King that England has ever had. Henry had never expected to become King of England, his older brother, Arthur, was due to become King until his early death. King Henry VIII was only 17 when he was crowned. One of his first acts - reduce the level of taxation. His government was run largely by Ministers on his behalf, Henry did not like government. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon, his dead brother’s widow. This marriage made sure that the strong links with Spain were retained. Problems for Henry - his wife was not going to produce a male heir to the throne. Catherine had given birth to several children but only one of them, Mary, live beyond infancy. Henry was very anxious to have a son. He didn’t know what to do, and at the same time he started to fall in love with a young courtier Anne Boleyn. Henry decided to remarry. This act turned the religious world upside down and ended all links with Rome. Henry married six times in all and did have a son who could inherit his throne.
Elizabethan Era. Restore engl. church, Enagland – maritime power.
The Elizabethan Era - the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) the - golden age in English history. It was the height of the English Renaissance, the flowering of English literature and poetry. Elizabethan theatre flourished and W. Shakespeare composed plays that broke away from England's past style of plays. It was an age of expansion and exploration abroad, while at home the Protestant Reformation became entrenched in the national mindset. England during this period had a centralized, well-organized, and effective government. It was a brief period of largely internal peace between the English Reformation and the battles between Protestants and Catholics and the battles between parliament and the monarchy. The Protestant/Catholic divide was settled, for a time, by the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.
During the Elizabethan era, people looked forward to holidays because opportunities for leisure were limited. For the most part, leisure and festivities took place on a public church holy day. February 14: Valentine's Day. Sending gifts to one another was a Pagan tradition.