- •1. Geographical position of the uk and its significance.
- •3. Climate and weather in the uk.
- •4.Ancient Britain: early prehistoric evidence, prehistoric monuments.
- •5. Anglo-Saxon Britain, the Heptarchy.
- •6. Norman Invasion. Norman Britain - Social and Political Developments.
- •Conquest of England
- •Значение нормандского завоевания:
- •8. The Seventeenth Century - the Rise of Puritanism. The Civil War; the Restoration. The Great Plague, the Great Fire of London
- •9. The 18th Century: the political parties, expansion of the empire. The Agricultural Revolution.
- •10. Britain and the Napoleonic Wars.
- •Victorian Britain. Victorian values.
- •11. The rise of Liberalism and the working class in the late 19th century; creation of the Labour Party.
- •12. Great Britain in the First World War.
- •13. Great Britain in the Second World War.
- •15. Creation of the affluent society in gb in the 20 century
- •28. Great Britain and the European Union
- •16. Scottish national symbols and notable Scots.
- •17. Welsh national symbols.
- •18. Irish national symbols, notables and signs of national identity.
- •Irish and Scottish Problems
- •19. Ethnic Minorities in Great Britain; immigration to the uk.
- •20. The United Kingdom as a Constitutional Monarchy.
- •21. The Origin and the Present-Day Role of the British Parliament.
- •23.The Functions of the uk’s Cabinet.(Prime-Minister)
- •24. The Labour Party now.
- •25. British election system: for and against
- •26. The Type of Ownership and Structure of Britain's economy: the changes it underwent in the 20th century.
- •43. Religion and church in Britain.
- •32. The History of the English Language: the Middle English Period.
- •33. The History of the English Language: the Early Modern English Period.
28. Great Britain and the European Union
Since 1973, the UK has been a member of the European Union and its predecessors. Various British governments have signed on to measures which have been aimed at improving economic conditions, such as the Single European Act (SEA), signed by Margaret Thatcher. This allowed for the free movement of goods within the European Union area. The ostensible benefit of this was to give the spur of competition to the British economy, and increase its ultimate
The latest wave of immigration to the UK began in May 2004 when the European Union was expanded.
16. Scottish national symbols and notable Scots.
A considerable majority of the people of Scotland share a Scottish national identity, usually with considerable pride in their nation, its history and with the achievements of their countrymen including those who have emigrated and their descendants. The story of the Scottish Nation starts in the later period of the so-called Dark AgeThe Scottish national identity (see citizenship) is largely free from ethnic distinction, and it has been noted (Sunday Herald 4 September 2005) that many of "immigrant" descent see themselves (and are seen as), for example, Pakistani and Scottish: Asian-Scots. This contrasts with a tendency in England for such families to be called "British" but not "English". Identification of others as Scottish is generally a matter of accent, and though the various dialects of the Scots language and Scottish English (or the accents of Gaelic speakers) are distinctive, people associate them all together as Scottish with a shared identity, as well as a regional or local identity. Some parts of Scotland, like Glasgow, the Outer Hebrides, the north east of Scotland and Orkney and Shetland retain a strong sense of regional identity, alongside the idea of a Scottish national identity.[1] Scotland being an independent sovereign state separate from the United Kingdom draw strongly on a Scottish identity, describing themselves as the Scottish independence movement.
The Flag of Scotland, the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates (at least in legend) from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national flag still in use, and it can be found flying all over Scotland. The Saltire now also forms part of the design of the Union Flag.
The Royal Standard of Scotland, a banner showing the Royal Arms of Scotland, is also frequently to be seen, particularly at sporting events involving a Scottish team. Often called the Lion Rampant (after its chief heraldic device), it is technically the property of the monarch and its use by anybody else is illegal, although this is almost universally ignored, and never enforced.
The unicorn is also used as a heraldic symbol of Scotland. The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, used prior to 1603 by the Kings of Scotland, incorporated a lion rampant shield supported by two unicorns. On the Union of the Crowns, the Arms were quartered with those of England and Ireland, and one unicorn was replaced by a lion (the supporters of England).
William Wallace, a national hero and a leader in the Scottish Wars of Independence.
The thistle, the floral emblem of Scotland, features in many Scottish symbols and logos, and on UK currency. Heather is also considered to be a symbol of Scotland.
Flower of Scotland is popularly held to be the National Anthem of Scotland, and is played at international events such as football or rugby matches involving the Scotland national team. However, since devolution, more serious discussion of a national anthem has led to this being disputed.
Tartan is a specific woven textile pattern that often signifies a particular Scottish clan, as featured in a kilt.
St Andrew's Day, the 30th of November, is the national day, although Burns' Night tends to be more widely observed. Tartan Day is a recent innovation from Canada. There is currently a campaign within the Scottish Parliament to create a national holiday on Saint Andrew's Day.