- •Reviewing anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
- •Mind the pronunciation:
- •Descriptive words for the heart murmurs:
- •Descriptive words for the arterial pulse:
- •Descriptive words for the heart sounds:
- •Ex. 7. Match the proper meaning of the words and their definitions:
- •Ex. 8. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Grammar
- •Pericarditis
- •Cardiovascular Diseases
- •Endocarditis
- •Angina Pectoris
- •Case: Chest Pain
- •What are the most common kinds of heart disease?
- •Effects of Myocardial Hypoxia
- •Hypertension
- •Renitec
- •Indications.
- •3. Express the main idea of the text in several sentences. Congenital heart disease
- •Rheumatic Fever and the Heart
- •2. Say which statements are false.
- •3. Which information in the text you didn’t know?
- •4. Retell the text using the true statements.
- •Coronary artery disease
- •1. Study the text “Pericarditis”. Read the passage dealing with the etiology of disease and express its content in 3-4 sentences.
- •2. Find and translate in a written form the passage dealing with the inspection of patients suffering pericarditis.
- •3. Convey the main idea of the text using the following models:
- •Pericarditis
- •Texts for listening comprehension
- •Blue Color (cyanosis)
- •Dizziness
- •Fatigue
- •Heart Rate Changes
- •Reviewing anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract
- •0 2 And co 2 transport and internal respiration.
- •Grammar
- •Common Respiratory Disorders
- •Characterizing Percussion Sounds
- •Radiography
- •Common symptoms of the diseases of the respiratory tract
- •Patients with diseases of the respiratory system
- •Acute Pharyngitis
- •Laryngitis
- •Bronchitis Acute
- •Bronchial asthma
- •Pleurisy
- •Pneumonia
- •Lung Cancer
- •Tuberculosis
- •Test yourself
- •Reviewing anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal tract
- •How to Get Patients to Describe Abdominal Pain
- •Common digestive disorders
- •Gastritis
- •Chronic and Acute Gastritis
- •Ulcer Peptic (Duodenal)
- •Peptic Ulcer
- •Indigestion (Dyspepsia)
- •Gastroenteritis
- •Gastric Carcinoma
- •Carcinoma of the Stomach
- •Cancer Esophagus
- •Maalox Suspension
- •Texts for listening comprehension
- •Weight Loss
- •Nausea and Vomiting
- •Neoplasm
- •Test yourself
- •Reviewing Anatomy and Physiology
- •1.) Make up questions to ask about patient`s complaints.
- •2.) Dramatize the dialogue.
- •Assessing for Gallbladder Disease
- •Hepatitis - Viral
- •Cholecystitis-Acute
- •Cholecystitis
- •Acute Cholecystitis
- •Cholelithiasis and Related Disorders
- •Viral Hepatitis
- •Cirrhosis and Fibrosis
- •Fatty Liver
- •Test yourself
- •Contents
Common Respiratory Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system are usually divided into: diseases of the upper respiratory tract (the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and associated structures) and diseases of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi, lungs and pleura). This division is not strict, because diseases of one can spread and involve the other.
The most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract are - cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and laryngitis. In some cases, however they may result in serious disturbances not only of the respiratory system, but also of the whole organism.
The most typical symptoms and signs of diseases in the upper respiratory tract are found to be cough, discharge from the nose, sore throat, hoarseness, fever, bleeding from the nose and loss of voice.
Diseases of the lower respiratory tract are usually serious, for they are likely to be extensive and to impair the normal function of the lungs. Common diseases here are infections both acute and chronic, asthma and neoplasms. Symptoms and signs of the lower respiratory tract diseases are likely to be fever, cough, pain on breathing, sputum production, rapid respiration, haemoptysis and cyanosis. They are often accompanied by such general symptoms like malaise, easy fatigue and chills.
According to their nature, the diseases of the respiratory tract can be divided into infectious (pneumonia, tuberculosis, pertussis, influenza) and noncommunicable and often chronic diseases which include sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, pleurisy, hay fever and asthma.
Ex.2. Read the information and speak on the diagnostic tests evaluating physiologic characteristics and pathological states within the respiratory tract.
Pulmonary function tests measure lung volumes and flow rates.
Palpation of the chest detects areas of the tenderness, masses, crepitus, (air in subcutaneous tissue).
Percussion may produce several kinds of sounds known as flat, dull, resonant, hyperresonant, or tympanic, these sounds indicate the location and density of various structures. During percussion, determining other tonal characteristics, such as pitch, intensity and quality, also will help identify respiratory structure.
Characterizing Percussion Sounds
Characteristic Pitch Intensity Quality
flat high soft extremely dull
dull medium medium thudlike(глухой)
resonant low moderate to loud hollow
hyperresonant lower than resonant every loud booming
tympanic musical
(барабанный) drumlike
plural effusions
filtrates
Chest X - rays show pulmonary edema
consolidations
opacification zones (помутнение, непрозрачность)
Computed tomography scan provides a three-dimensional picture that is 100 times more sensitive than a chest X-ray.
Magnetic resonance imaging identifies obstructed arteries and tissue perfusions.
Analysis of sputum specimen permits study of sputum quantity, color, viscosity, and odor.