- •Ser & estar/ to be
- •Idiomatic expressions
- •Irregular/ irregular
- •Irregular conditional forms
- •Past tense
- •Prefixes des-, in-, and re-
- •Disminutivo/ diminutive
- •Conocer & Saber/ to know
- •Gerundio/ gerund
- •Verbos irregulares / Irregular Verbs
- •Reflexivo/ reflexive
- •Preposiciones/ prepositions
- •Dif. Between pedir & preguntar
- •Hay / there is (are)
- •Imperfecto/ imperfect tense
- •Verbos irregulares/ irregular verbs
- •Subjuntivo/ subjunctive
- •Voz pasiva/ passive voice
- •Hacer/ to do, make
- •To have
- •2. The simplest way of expressing possession is by using tener/ to have.
- •3. In Spanish, tener is used for indicating age. On the other hand, in English the verb to be is used for telling age.
- •Gustar / to like
- •4. Other verbs in the same category are following:
Preposiciones/ prepositions
In Spanish there are 19 prepositions and several prepositional phrases. And they are used to express a relationship between two words. As it is in English, the use of prepositions is fairly arbitrary.
Prep. |
Translations |
Prep. |
Translations |
A |
at, by, on, to |
Hacia |
toward, towards, to |
Ante |
before |
Hasta |
until |
Bajo |
under, below |
Para |
for, to |
Cabe |
beside, next to |
Por |
for |
Con |
with |
Según |
according to |
Contra |
against |
Sin |
without |
De |
of, about, from, to |
So |
on, under |
Desde |
from |
Sobre |
over, on |
En |
in , at, into, on, inside, over |
Tras |
after |
Entre |
between, among |
|
|
USE OF PREPOSITION
Certain verbs in English require a preposition to follow the verb; however, in Spanish the preposition is NOT always required.
NOTE that the preposition a goes before an indirect object.
1. Buscar/ to look for
Busquemos un lugar fresco./ Let's look for a cool place.
Ella busca trabajo en Bariloche./ She looks for a job in Bariloche.
Busquemos a Ana./ Let's look for Ana.
2. Escuchar/ to listen to
La audiencia escucha la música./ The audience listens to the music.
Los alumnos escuchan a la maestra./ The students listen to the teacher.
3. Esperar/ to wait for
Estoy esperando el tren de las cinco./ I am waiting for the 5 o'clock train.
Espero a Susana que viene en el tren./ I am waiting for Susana who is coming by the train.
Te espero hasta las seis./ I'll wait for you until six.
4. Mirar/ to look at
Miran las pinturas de Picasso./ They look at Picasso's paintings.
Miran al futuro./ They look at the future.
5. Pagar/ to pay for
Los subsidiarios de las compañías estadounidenses pagan los beneficios médicos./ American subsidiaries pay for medical benefits.
Los subsidiarios de las compañías estadounidenses pagan por los beneficios médicos./ American subsidiaries pay for medical benefits.
6. Pedir/ to ask for
Le pedí el número de teléfono./ I asked for her phone number.
USE OF PREPOSITION: General Rules.
A |
Ante |
Bajo |
Cabe |
Con |
Contra |
De |
Desde |
En |
Entre |
Hacia |
Hasta |
Para |
Por |
Según |
Sin |
So |
Sobre |
Tras |
I. A / at, by, on, to
a. A is used with verbs that express direction or movement:
EXAMPLES
El camión va a la estación./ The truck goes to the station.
El camión llegó al destino./ The truck arrived at its destination.
b. A is used to indicate a specific time in which an action occurs; a is equivalent to at:
EXAMPLES
El concierto empieza a las ocho./ The concert starts at eight o'clock.
Los artistas llegaron a las seis./ The artists arrived at six o'clock.
c. A is used with the direct and indirect object:
EXAMPLES
Visitamos al presidente de nuestra compañía./ We visited the president of our company.
Le regalo a mi hermano las entradas del concierto./ I give away the concert tickets to my brother.
d. A is used in idiomatic expressions that indicate how something is made:
EXAMPLES
El pulóver está hecho a mano./ The sweater is hand made.
El pulóver fue tejido a máquina./ The sweater was machine woven.
e. A + quien is equivalent to whom:
EXAMPLES
¿A quién viste en el concierto?/ Whom did you see at the concert?
Paula, a quien le vendí mi auto, se fue a París./ Paula, whom I sold my car to, left to Paris.
f. Estar + a indicates a distance between a point in reference to another one:
EXAMPLES
Mar del Plata está a 400 kilómetros de Buenos Aires./ Mar del Plata is 400 kilometers away from Buenos Aires.
Estoy a dos cuadradas del colegio./ I am two blocks away from school.
g. A is used after the verbs enseñar/ to teach, aprender/ to learn, comenzar, empezar/ to start; these verbs are followed by an infinitive:
EXAMPLES
Quiero que me enseñes a hablar el español./ I want you to teach me how to speak Spanish.
Victoria está aprendiendo a manejar./ Victoria is learning how to drive.
Este año empezaremos a publicar más libros./ This year we'll start to publish more books.