Voz pasiva/ passive voice

SUBJECT + SER+ PAST PARTICIPLE + POR ( DE**) + AGENT

The active voice is the most commonly used in ordinary conversation, and it indicates that the subject performs the action as in the following examples:

• El contador preparó el formulario./ The accountant prepared the form.

• Le pagamos al corredor su comisión./ We paid the broker his commission.

The passive voice is not frequently used in ordinary conversation, but it is used in writing, such as news broadcasting, newspapers, and formal speeches. In a passive sentence, the subject receives the action as in the following examples:

• El formulario fue preparado por el contador./ The form was prepared by the accountant.

• La comisión fue pagada por nosotros./ The commission was paid by us.

HOW TO FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE

To form the passive voice, the verb ser/to be is used. The past participle functions as an adjective; therefore, it agrees with the gender and number of the subject it modifies.

SUBJECT + SER + PAST PARTICIPLE + POR ( DE**) + AGENT

• La comida + fue + preparada + por + el cocinero./ The food was prepared by the cook.

• Las comidas + fueron + preparadas + por + el cocinero./ The foods were prepared by the cook.

• El oleoducto + será + construido + por + Shell./ The pipeline will be constructed by Shell.

• Los oleoductos + serán + construidos + por + Shell./ The pipelines will be constructed by Shell.

**NOTE: When the superlative is used, the preposition de is used instead of por.

EXAMPLE

• Madre Teresa fue la más amada de todos./ Mother Teresa was the most loved by everyone.

USING THE VERB ESTAR

To describe an action, the verb ser is used in the passive; however, to express the result of an action, the verb estar is used instead.

EXAMPLES

• El contrato fue escrito en inglés./ The contract was written in English (by someone).

• El libro está escrito en inglés./ The book is written in English (published in English).

SE CONSTRUCTION FOR PASSIVE VOICE

Se + verb conjugated in the 3rd person singular or plural construction for passive voice is much more frequently used in conversations. This construction is equivalent to the English construction to be + past participle. Usually the verb precedes the subject.

EXAMPLES

• Se recaudará el impuesto al tabaco en todos los estados./ Tobacco tax will be collected in all states.

• Se ha aprobado el aumento al impuesto al alcohol./ The increase to the alcohol tax has been approved.

In Spanish, some sentences conjugated in the third person plural are equivalent to the passive se construction. Even though the following sentence is in active voice, ellos/ they implies passive voice. They is used in a general sense.

EXAMPLE

• Dicen que lloverá./ They say that it will rain.

Hacer/ to do, make

Generally hacer means to do or to make. It is conjugated as a regular -er verb, except for yo, which ends in -go.

Pronoun	Present	Past	Future	Conditional
yo/ I	hago	hice	haré	haría
tú/ you	haces	hiciste	harás	harías
él, ella, Ud./ he, she, you	hace	hizo	hará	haría
nosotros/ we	hacemos	hicimos	haremos	haríamos
vosotros/you	hacéis	hicisteis	haréis	haríais
ellos, Uds./ they, you	hacen	hicieron	harán	harían

EXAMPLES

• ¿Qué hacen después de trabajar?/ What do you do after work?

• Los niños hacen la tarea./ The children are doing their homework.

• Estoy haciendo la comida./ I am making food.

• Ellos hacen la torta./ They are making the cake.